{"id":7249,"date":"2024-03-27T05:56:47","date_gmt":"2024-03-27T05:56:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/?page_id=7249"},"modified":"2025-06-30T07:10:37","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T07:10:37","slug":"about","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/about\/","title":{"rendered":"About"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7249\" class=\"elementor elementor-7249\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-67ae63c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"67ae63c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-380fd1c2\" data-id=\"380fd1c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49f74907 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"49f74907\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;rotateIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:720}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"45\" height=\"38\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Element-1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-18\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52a737c1 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"52a737c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0630ce elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c0630ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Welcome to an academic blog dedicated to exploring Ren\u00e9 Descartes's theory of ideas, authored by Dr. David C. Ring<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2984cbab elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2984cbab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-509c5ab6\" data-id=\"509c5ab6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18c61717 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"18c61717\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"808\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/SIX_E85905F2-D8D1-444D-8020-34F5A3A6AC81-scaled-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-7258\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/SIX_E85905F2-D8D1-444D-8020-34F5A3A6AC81-scaled-1.webp 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/SIX_E85905F2-D8D1-444D-8020-34F5A3A6AC81-scaled-1-238x300.webp 238w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7fdd998c\" data-id=\"7fdd998c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4db71ce elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4db71ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b742621 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b742621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2c5423 elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-drop-cap-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e2c5423\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Welcome to an <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/authorservices.taylorandfrancis.com\/research-impact\/how-to-write-an-academic-blog-post\/\">academic blog<\/a><\/span><\/strong> dedicated to exploring <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/descartes-ideas\/\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>Ren\u00e9 Descartes&#8217;s theory of<\/strong><\/span> <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">ideas<\/span><\/strong><\/a>, authored by <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/dr-david-c-ring\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/dr-david-c-ring\">Dr. David C. Ring<\/a><\/span><\/strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4542 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/8e738f25-a5b0-405c-9fbb-6273bc09d2c8-300x279.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot and torso cutout of a smiling and glasses adorned Dr. David C. Ring wearing a lighter blue patterned shirt used to visually identify him.\" width=\"300\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/8e738f25-a5b0-405c-9fbb-6273bc09d2c8-300x279.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/8e738f25-a5b0-405c-9fbb-6273bc09d2c8.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>, an emeritus professor of philosophy who retired in 2015 from <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orange_Coast_College\">Orange Coast College<\/a><\/span><\/strong> in <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Costa_Mesa,_California\">Costa Mesa<\/a>, <a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orange_County,_California\">CA<\/a><\/span><\/strong>. Dr. Ring holds a B.A. in <a href=\"http:\/\/static.as.cornell.edu\/150\/images\/sage\/History-of-the-Sage-School.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>philosophy<\/strong><\/span><\/a> from <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cornell_University\">Cornell University<\/a><\/span><\/strong> (1974) and an M.A. (1980) and Ph.D. (1987) in <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.wisc.edu\/faculty\/\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">philosophy<\/span><\/strong><\/a> from the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Wisconsin_Madison\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">University of Wisconsin-Madison<\/span><\/strong><\/a>. His dissertation, titled <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/RINMFO\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/RINMFO\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">&#8220;Material<\/span><span style=\"color: #993366;\"> Falsity, Objective Reality, and Representation in Descartes&#8217;s Theory of Ideas<\/span><\/strong><\/a>,&#8221; was supervised by <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/terry-penner\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/terry-penner\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Dr. Terry Penner<\/span><\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Ring&#8217;s fascination with Descartes began during his undergraduate studies in philosophy at Cornell University, where he attended a Descartes course taught by esteemed Wittgenstein scholar <a href=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/malcolm\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/malcolm\/\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Norman Malcolm<\/span><\/strong><\/a> (1911\u20131990). His teaching career commenced as a teaching assistant at the University of Wisconsin-Madison while working on his Ph.D. Dr. Ring went on to teach a range of philosophy courses in introduction to philosophy, ethics, critical thinking, symbolic logic, history of early modern philosophy (Descartes through Kant), and epistemology at various institutions, including the <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Texas_at_Austin\">University of Texas at Austin<\/a>, <a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Methodist_University\">Southern Methodist University<\/a><\/span><\/strong>, the <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Texas_at_Arlington\">University of Texas at Arlington<\/a>, <a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Carolina_State_University\">North Carolina State University<\/a>, <a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_State_University,_Long_Beach\">California State University Long Beach<\/a>, <a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasadena_City_College\">Pasadena City College<\/a>, <a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_Beach_City_College\">Long Beach City College<\/a><\/span><\/strong>, and <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cerritos_College\">Cerritos College<\/a><\/span><\/strong>. He spent the last sixteen years of his career at <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/dr-david-c-ring\">Orange Coast College<\/a><\/span><\/strong>, ultimately becoming a full professor and chair of the Philosophy department.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Ring is currently an affiliate at <a href=\"https:\/\/directory.nau.edu\/departments?id=10218&amp;src=philosophy\">Northern Arizona University<\/a>. In Fall 2025, he is assisting via ZOOM in Professor <a href=\"https:\/\/directory.nau.edu\/departments?id=10218&amp;person=ghr&amp;src=philosophy\">George Rudebusch&#8217;s<\/a> senior capstone seminar on Plato&#8217;s dialogue &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/plato-theaetetus\/\">Theaetetus<\/a>&#8221; incorporating AI.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a8484cb elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a8484cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4cfe82\" data-id=\"c4cfe82\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0c9453 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0c9453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">This blog delves into <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/descartes-ideas\/\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Descartes&#8217;s theory of ideas<\/span><\/strong><\/a>, critically examining different interpretations and defending specific understandings, particularly concerning <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/abs\/cambridge-descartes-lexicon\/falsity-material\/2A33A572351E0087FB318F16B654F45E#:~:text=Descartes%20introduces%20the%20notion%20of,43%2C%20CSM%20II%2030).\">material falsity<\/a>, <\/span><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/abs\/cambridge-descartes-lexicon\/being-formal-versus-objective\/EB7DDBF4A3D9BB7E42383E17BCBE5D60\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">objective reality<\/span><\/strong><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=descartes+representationalism&amp;rlz=1C9BKJA_enUS712US713&amp;oq=descartes+on+represe&amp;aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0i22i30j0i390i395i650l4.9549j1j7&amp;hl=en-US&amp;sourceid=chrome-mobile&amp;ie=UTF-8#ip=1\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">representation<\/span><\/strong><\/a> in Cartesian <a href=\"_wp_link_placeholder\" data-wplink-edit=\"true\">ideas.<\/a> It also explores Descartes&#8217;s views on various <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/abs\/cambridge-descartes-lexicon\/idea\/6CE60D8FC3964A7112B4963309322804\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">types of mental states<\/span><\/strong><\/a> and their <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/mental-representation\/\">representational natures<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"\"} --><\/p>\n<p>During Dr. Ring&#8217;s dissertation writing (1980-1987), there was a <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/browse\/paucity\">paucity<\/a> <\/span><\/strong>of scholarly work addressing <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/descartes\/#GodErr\">material falsity<\/a> and <\/span><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/descartes-ideas\/#ideasmodes\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">objective reality<\/span><\/strong><\/a> within Descartes&#8217;s theory of ideas. Since then, there has been a <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/descartes%20material%20falsity\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">surge of interest<\/span><\/strong><\/a> in <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/descartes%20objective%20reality\">these topics<\/a><\/span><\/strong>, leading to numerous insightful investigations by emerging philosophers. Despite this dedicated scholarship, a consensus on Descartes&#8217;s intentions regarding his theory of ideas has yet to be reached. Furthermore, few Cartesian commentators agree with the central thesis of Dr. Ring&#8217;s 1987 dissertation, which posits that <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/qualities-prim-sec\/\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">secondary qualities<\/span><\/strong><\/a>, such as sensations of color, taste, warmth, or cold, lack any mental content containing objective reality.<\/p>\n<p><strong> Ren\u00e9 Descartes&#8217;s Skull<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"\"} --><\/p>\n<p>Descartes&#8217;s skull resides in Paris, France, at the <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l'Homme\">Mus\u00e9e de l\u2019Homme<\/a><\/span><\/strong>, although there is quite a bit of <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/articles\/descartes-skull-blasting\">controversy<\/a> <\/span><\/strong>as to whether or not it is the skull of Descartes.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"\"} --><\/p>\n<p>Read about the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simplycharly.com\/read\/reviews\/descartes-bones-a-skeletal-history-of-the-conflict-between-faith-and-reason\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.simplycharly.com\/read\/reviews\/descartes-bones-a-skeletal-history-of-the-conflict-between-faith-and-reason\/\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">history of<\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Descartes&#8217;s skull and bones<\/span><\/strong><\/a> in <strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.russellshorto.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.russellshorto.com\/\">Russell<\/a> <a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russell_Shorto\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russell_Shorto\">Shorto&#8217;s<\/a> <i><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/Descartes_Bones.html?id=JOkPFwkYMFgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/Descartes_Bones.html?id=JOkPFwkYMFgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Descartes&#8217;<\/a> <a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.russellshorto.com\/book\/descartes-bones\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.russellshorto.com\/book\/descartes-bones\">Bones<\/a><\/i><\/span><\/strong>. The skull may have been removed to hide evidence that Descartes had been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hani.co.kr\/arti\/international\/international_general\/404877.html\">poisoned, possibly by arsenic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-16860\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/IMG_0268-1-300x181.gif\" alt=\"An AI-generated video turned into a .gif of a painting of Ren\u00e9 Descartes on the left suddenly animated and hugging a man, also animated wearing glasses and a black shirt under a white sports coat, used to show connections between Ren\u00e9 Descartes and the author of the DTOI blog.\" width=\"300\" height=\"181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/IMG_0268-1-300x181.gif 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/IMG_0268-1-150x91.gif 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_0939-1024x67.png\" alt=\"A curly-cue seven segments line divider.\" \/><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fbc306f\" data-id=\"fbc306f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28192af elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"28192af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"502\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_0348.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-7265\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_0348.webp 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_0348-300x235.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ce33319 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ce33319\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-07e82a5\" data-id=\"07e82a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-95177eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"95177eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c5cdd4a\" data-id=\"c5cdd4a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-063a62a elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"063a62a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Featured Categories<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0f4cc2 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d0f4cc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DTOI - Descartes's theory of ideas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7703114\" data-id=\"7703114\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2322030 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2322030\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The DTOI website focuses especially on the material falsity, objective reality, and representational features, or lack of them, of various mental states, especially sensations. Click on any of the categories for material related to that concept.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8993b5b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8993b5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2fd3270 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2fd3270\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8abcad elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"c8abcad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a68fed elementor-cta--skin-cover elementor-cta--valign-bottom elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"8a68fed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url();\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-content-item elementor-cta__content-item elementor-cta__image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"45\" height=\"38\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Element-1.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-18\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOrientation\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOrientation:  Introductions to Cartesian basics in his theory of ideas.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/category\/orientation\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7381706 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"7381706\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:240}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12aacdd elementor-cta--skin-cover elementor-cta--valign-bottom elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"12aacdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url();\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-content-item elementor-cta__content-item elementor-cta__image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"45\" height=\"38\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Element-1.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-18\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tObjective Reality\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tObjective reality: Considers the ontological and epistemological status of mental contents as representations.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/category\/objective-reality\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d30ac76 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"d30ac76\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:480}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b91852f elementor-cta--skin-cover elementor-cta--valign-bottom elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"b91852f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/unnamed-2.webp);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"unnamed (2)\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-content-item elementor-cta__content-item elementor-cta__image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"45\" height=\"38\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Element-1.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-18\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCartesian ideas\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCartesian ideas: Explores definitions of ideas and their representative features.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/category\/cartesian-ideas\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2bb5748 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"2bb5748\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:720}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca1d66b elementor-cta--skin-cover elementor-cta--valign-bottom elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"ca1d66b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url();\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-content-item elementor-cta__content-item elementor-cta__image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"45\" height=\"38\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Element-1.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-18\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDistinction\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDistinction: A clear separation or difference between concepts.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/category\/distinction\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About Welcome to an academic blog dedicated to exploring Ren\u00e9 Descartes&#8217;s theory of ideas, authored by Dr. David C. Ring About About Welcome to an academic blog dedicated to exploring Ren\u00e9 Descartes&#8217;s theory of ideas, authored by Dr. David C. Ring, an emeritus professor of philosophy who retired in 2015 from Orange Coast College in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7249","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"featured_image_src":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7249"}],"version-history":[{"count":40,"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26238,"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7249\/revisions\/26238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}