{"id":8504,"date":"2024-05-17T18:57:18","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T18:57:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/?page_id=8504"},"modified":"2025-08-08T07:57:10","modified_gmt":"2025-08-08T07:57:10","slug":"dtoi-relevant-contemporary-sources","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/dtoi-relevant-contemporary-sources\/","title":{"rendered":"DTOI Relevant Contemporary Sources &#038; Descartes Bibliographies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"782\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/SIX_9E74735D-E83C-46F4-91E5-66CF663BD4DEb-1024x782.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-952\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/SIX_9E74735D-E83C-46F4-91E5-66CF663BD4DEb-1024x782.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/SIX_9E74735D-E83C-46F4-91E5-66CF663BD4DEb-300x229.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/SIX_9E74735D-E83C-46F4-91E5-66CF663BD4DEb-768x587.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/SIX_9E74735D-E83C-46F4-91E5-66CF663BD4DEb.jpeg 1085w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" id=\"primary-sources\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/dtoi-primary-sources\/#primary-sources\">Primary Sources<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/dtoi-secondary-sources-a-l\/#A-neon-ivy-drop-cap\">Secondary Sources (A\u2013L)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/dtoi-secondary-sources-m-z\/#M-neon-ivy-drop-cap\">Secondary Sources (M\u2013Z)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"#descartes-bibliographies\">Descartes Bibliographies<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"relevant-contemporary-sources\">Relevant Contemporary Sources<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ned_Block\">Block<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/ned-block\">Ned<\/a><\/strong> <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"167\" class=\"wp-image-2370\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_1570.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color head and shoulders photograph of Ned Block wearing glasses and a dark gray sports coat and black t-shirt with a round collar underneath used to identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_1570.png 287w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_1570-269x300.png 269w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nedblock.us\/papers\/1994.qualia.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nedblock.us\/papers\/1994.qualia.pdf\">Qualia<\/a>.\u201d In <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/doc\/120411856\/A-Companion-to-the-Philosophy-of-Mind\">A Companion to Philosophy of Mind<\/a><\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abebooks.com\/servlet\/BookDetailsPL?bi=22671089818&amp;searchurl=an%3Dsamuel%2Bguttenplan%26sortby%3D17%26tn%3Dcompanion%2Bphilosophy%2Bmind&amp;cm_sp=snippet-_-srp1-_-image3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"233\" class=\"wp-image-8894\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9857.png\" alt=\"An enhanced  photographic cutout of the tan and blue book cover of &quot;A Companion to the Philosophy of mind&quot; edited by Samuel Guttenplan used to visually identify it.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9857.png 480w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9857-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9857-113x150.png 113w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>, edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbk.ac.uk\/about-us\/fellows\/professor-samuel-guttenplan\">Samuel<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samuel_Guttenplan\">Guttenplan<\/a> (no known photo), 514\u201320. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uwo.ca\/philosophy\/people\/bourget.html\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong>Bourget<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbourget.com\/\">David<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbourget.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"163\" class=\"wp-image-18126\" style=\"width: 200px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2370.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a clean-shaven David Bourget is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2370.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2370-300x244.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2370-150x122.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/archive\/BOUTRT.pdf\">The Representational Theory of Consciousness<\/a>.&#8221; PhD dissertation Australian National University, January 2010. <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/archive\/BOUTRT.pdf\">Chair<\/a>: David Chalmers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uwo.ca\/philosophy\/people\/bourget.html\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong>Bourget<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbourget.com\/\">David<\/a> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbourget.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"163\" class=\"wp-image-18126\" style=\"width: 200px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2370.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a clean-shaven David Bourget is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2370.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2370-300x244.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2370-150x122.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a> and<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uwo.ca\/philosophy\/people\/mendelovici.html\">Angela<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/angela-mendelovici\">Mendelovici<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/angela-mendelovici\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" class=\"wp-image-18128\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2372.png\" alt=\"A reversed, enhanced color photographic headshot cut out of a smiling Angela Mendelovici wearing a high-necked brown sweater is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2372.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2372-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2372-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2372-600x600.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/phenomenal-intentionality\/\">Phenomenal Intentionality<\/a>.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy&nbsp;<\/em>(Fall 2019 Edition), edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/mally.stanford.edu\/zalta.html\">Edward N<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_N._Zalta\">Zalta<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Edward_N._Zalta_en_Wikimania_2015_05.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"149\" class=\"wp-image-11375\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of Edward N. Zalta, wearing glasses, a full white beard and mustache, and a vertically striped shirt with a lanyard around his neck, looking to his left, was used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-150x128.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tyler_Burge\">Burge<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.ucla.edu\/person\/tyler-burge\/\">Tyler<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/EUDAQRlWtng?feature=shared\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"165\" class=\"wp-image-10183\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1597.jpeg\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of A glasses wearing Tyler Burge wearing a dark blue shirt with one white button showing used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1597.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1597-300x283.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1597-150x141.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/ejop.psychopen.eu\/index.php\/ejop\/article\/download\/767\/767.html?inline=1#info-box\">Anti-Individualism and Perceptual Representation: Interview With Tyler Burge<\/a>.&#8221; Interviewed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carlosmunozsuarez.com\/about-me\">Carlos<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=3PqXrqsAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">Mu\u00f1oz-Su\u00e1rez<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=3PqXrqsAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"125\" height=\"171\" class=\"wp-image-10185\" style=\"width: 125px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1601.png\" alt=\"A reversed enhanced photographic headshot cutout of Carlos Mu\u00f1oz-Su\u00e1rez, Professor, Social Neuroscience (Universidad Icesi, Colombia) with glasses and wearing a dark jacket used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1601.png 467w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1601-219x300.png 219w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1601-109x150.png 109w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 125px) 100vw, 125px\" \/><\/a>. <em>Europe&#8217;s Journal of Psychology<\/em> 10, no. 4 (2014): 589\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5964\/ejop.v10i4.767.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tyler_Burge\">Burge<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.ucla.edu\/person\/tyler-burge\/\">Tyler<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/EUDAQRlWtng?feature=shared\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"165\" class=\"wp-image-10183\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1597.jpeg\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of A glasses wearing Tyler Burge wearing a dark blue shirt with one white button showing used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1597.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1597-300x283.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1597-150x141.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.ucla.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Burge-1986-Cartesian-Error-and-the-Objectivity-of-Perception.pdf\">Cartesian Error and the Objectivity of Perception<\/a>.&#8221;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reprinted in Burge&#8217;s collected papers from 1975 \u20132003: <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/49934\">Foundations of Mind: Philosophical Essays, Volume 2<\/a>. Boston: MIT Press (2007): 192\u2013207.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/darragh-byrne\">Byrne<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.birmingham.ac.uk\/staff\/profiles\/philosophy\/byrne-darragh.aspx\">Darragh<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.birmingham.ac.uk\/staff\/profiles\/philosophy\/byrne-darragh\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"158\" class=\"wp-image-8847\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9798.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of Darragh Byrne wearing a multi-striped skullcap with a dull  mustard yellow round neck shirt under a dark blue zippered jacket used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9798.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9798-300x271.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9798-150x135.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/display\/document\/obo-9780195396577\/obo-9780195396577-0076.xml?rskey=eIrL7M&amp;result=17&amp;q=Descartes#firstMatch\">Metaphysics of Mind<\/a>.\u201d (Last reviewed December 1, 2022. Last modified: May 10, 2010. DOI: 10.1093\/OBO\/9780195396577-0076).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/display\/document\/obo-9780195396577\/obo-9780195396577-0076.xml?rskey=eIrL7M&amp;result=17&amp;q=Descartes#firstMatch\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1009\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9946-1024x1009.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9052\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9946-1024x1009.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9946-300x296.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9946-150x148.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9946-768x757.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9946-1536x1514.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9946-2048x2018.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Carruthers, Peter.  &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/faculty.philosophy.umd.edu\/pcarruthers\/Cartesian%20Epistemology.pdf\">Cartesian Epistemology: Is the Theory of the Self-Transparent Mind Innate?<\/a>.&#8221; <em>The Journal of Consciousness Studies<\/em> 15, no.  4 (2008): 28\u201353.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Carruthers_(philosopher)\">Carruthers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/faculty.philosophy.umd.edu\/pcarruthers\/\">Peter<\/a> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Carruthers_%28philosopher%29\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"115\" height=\"153\" class=\"wp-image-18539\" style=\"width: 115px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_3050.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of Peter Carruthers with a beard and mustache identifies him visually.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_3050.png 480w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_3050-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_3050-113x150.png 113w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 115px) 100vw, 115px\" \/><\/a><strong>and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usi.edu\/faculty\/rjgennaro\">Rocco<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/rocco-j-gennaro\">Gennaro<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/rocco-j-gennaro\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"150\" class=\"wp-image-18228\" style=\"width: 100px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2726.png\" alt=\"A reversed, enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a mustached Rocco J. Gennaro wearing glasses and a white shirt with a purple and pink tie is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2726.png 427w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2726-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2726-100x150.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/images.app.goo.gl\/JFQ2azwDqjM7P3TQ9\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"143\" class=\"wp-image-18226\" style=\"width: 300px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2723.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a mustached Rocco J. Gennaro wearing glasses and a light blue plaid-striped shirt with his name in dark blue to the viewer\u2019s left is used for visual identification. \" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2723.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2723-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_2723-150x71.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/consciousness-higher\/\">Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness<\/a>.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy&nbsp;<\/em>(Fall 2023 Edition), <a href=\"https:\/\/mally.stanford.edu\/zalta.html\">Edward N<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_N._Zalta\">Zalta<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Edward_N._Zalta_en_Wikimania_2015_05.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"149\" class=\"wp-image-11375\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of Edward N. Zalta, wearing glasses, a full white beard and mustache, and a vertically striped shirt with a lanyard around his neck, looking to his left, was used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-150x128.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.stanford.edu\/people\/uri-nodelman\">Uri<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/ai.stanford.edu\/~nodelman\/publications.html\">Nodelman<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.stanford.edu\/people\/uri-nodelman\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"139\" class=\"wp-image-19062\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031.png\" alt=\"A reversed, enhanced photographic headshot cutout of a smiling Uri Nodelman wearing glasses and a dark gray collared shirt is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031-300x278.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031-150x139.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/umich.edu\/emcurley\/\">Curley<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/lsa.umich.edu\/philosophy\/people\/emeritus-faculty\/emcurley.html\">Edwin<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/umich.edu\/emcurley\/descartes?authuser=0\">M<\/a><\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/lsa.umich.edu\/philosophy\/people\/emeritus-faculty\/emcurley.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"170\" class=\"wp-image-3862\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/IMG_6136.png\" alt=\"A reversed enhanced colorized photographic cutout of  Edwin M. Curley without glasses wearing a dark blue shirt with open neck used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/IMG_6136.png 282w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/IMG_6136-264x300.png 264w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/umich.edu\/emcurley\/other-historical-articles\">Locke, Boyle, and the Distinction between Primary and Secondary Qualities<\/a>.&#8221; <em>The Philosophical Review<\/em> 81, 4 (Oct., 1972: 438\u201364.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martin_Davies_(philosopher)\">Davies<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mkdavies.net\/Martin_Davies\/Home.html\">Martin<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mkdavies.net\/Martin_Davies\/Biography.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"125\" height=\"160\" class=\"wp-image-15103\" style=\"width: 125px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7738.png\" alt=\"For visual identification, an enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of Martin Davies wearing glasses and an unfriendly expression is used.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7738.png 268w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7738-234x300.png 234w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7738-117x150.png 117w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 125px) 100vw, 125px\" \/><\/a>. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mkdavies.net\/Martin_Davies\/Mind_files\/VarietiesAboutness.pdf\">Consciousness and the Varieties of Aboutness<\/a>.\u201d In <em><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1995-97512-000\">Philosophy of Psychology: Debates on Psychological Explanation<\/a><\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1995-97512-000\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"230\" class=\"wp-image-15133\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7749.jpeg\" alt=\"An enhanced color image of the black, off-white, with a red title in a box book cover of \u201cPhilosophy of Psychology: Debates on Psychological Explanation\u201d (1997), edited by Cynthia MacDonald and Graham F. MacDonald, is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7749.jpeg 978w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7749-196x300.jpeg 196w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7749-668x1024.jpeg 668w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7749-98x150.jpeg 98w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7749-768x1178.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>, edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/consc.net\/pics\/aap.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" class=\"wp-image-15147\" style=\"width: 300px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7779.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7779.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7779-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7779-150x113.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/cynthia-macdonald\">Cynthia<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cynthia_Macdonald_(philosopher)\">Macdonald<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Cynthia-Macdonald-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" class=\"wp-image-15141\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7764.png\" alt=\"An enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of Cynthia Macdonald, wearing a white pullover with patterns and a deep scoop rounded neck, with her left hand bent at the elbow under her left chin and side of her face, is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7764.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7764-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7764-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7764-600x600.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/manchester.academia.edu\/GrahamMacdonald\">Graham<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/persons\/graham.macdonald\">F<\/a>(rank). <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/graham-frank-macdonald\">Macdonald<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/consc.net\/pics\/aap.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"205\" class=\"wp-image-15146\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7782.png\" alt=\"A reversed, enhanced color photographic upper torso and headshot cutout of Graham F. Macdonald in a gray suit holding a glass of red wine in his left hand is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7782.png 468w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7782-219x300.png 219w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7782-110x150.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/BrianEmbry\">Embry<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/brian-embry\">Brian<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.utoronto.ca\/news\/brian-embry-phd-wins-2015-savan-dissertation-prize\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"198\" class=\"wp-image-15100\" style=\"width: 250px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7733.png\" alt=\"A reversed enhanced photographic headshot cutout of Brian Embry, with a full red beard and mustache and wearing a blue and white small grid checkered collared shirt, is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7733.png 600w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7733-300x238.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7733-150x119.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a>. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/philarchive.org\/go.pl?id=EMBAEM&amp;proxyId=&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Farchive%2FEMBAEM.pdf\">An Early Modern Scholastic Theory of Negative Entities: Thomas Compton Carleton on Lacks, Negations, and Privations<\/a>.\u201d <em><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/asearch.pl?pub=157\">British Journal for the History of Philosophy<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;23, no. 1 (2015): 22\u201345. Fat<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/philarchive.org\/rec\/EMBAEM\">Abstract<\/a>:<\/strong> Seventeenth century scholastics had a rich debate about the ontological status and nature of lacks, negations, and privations. Realists in this debate posit irreducible negative entities responsible for the non-existence of positive entities. One of the first scholastics to develop a realist position on negative entities was Thomas Compton Carleton. In this paper I explain Carleton&#8217;s theory of negative entities, including what it is for something to be negative, how negative entities are individuated, whether they are abstract or concrete, and how they affect their subjects. I argue that for Carleton, negative entities are conceived as spatially extended simples that affect their subjects by means of spatial overlap. I also show how Carleton responds to some theological worries about his realism concerning negative entities.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gilbert_Harman\">Harman<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dailynous.com\/2021\/11\/14\/gilbert-harman-1938-2021\/\">Gilbert<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/images.app.goo.gl\/hZM6L5Qq39wgSmMg9\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"70\" height=\"243\" class=\"wp-image-11899\" style=\"width: 70px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_4201.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic waist up to head cutout of Gilbert Harmon turned to his left with glasses and wearing a white collared shirt with tan pants used for visual identification.  \" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_4201.png 184w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_4201-86x300.png 86w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_4201-43x150.png 43w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 70px) 100vw, 70px\" \/><\/a>. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/conservancy.umn.edu\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/81d1188f-e62a-48ac-a5a6-9be26a0b7963\/content\">Is There Mental Representation?<\/a>.\u201d In <a href=\"https:\/\/conservancy.umn.edu\/collections\/9d70c9bc-efdc-4e78-9b6a-2f36fda0c114\">Perception and Cognition Issues in the Foundations of Psychology<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/conservancy.umn.edu\/collections\/9d70c9bc-efdc-4e78-9b6a-2f36fda0c114\">Volume 09<\/a> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"302\" class=\"wp-image-11902\" style=\"width: 225px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_4205.jpeg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_4205.jpeg 477w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_4205-224x300.jpeg 224w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_4205-112x150.jpeg 112w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, <a href=\"https:\/\/conservancy.umn.edu\/collections\/9d70c9bc-efdc-4e78-9b6a-2f36fda0c114\">(1978<\/a>): 57\u201364.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/pierre-jacob\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong>Jacob<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pierrejacob.com\">Pierre<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pierrejacob.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"166\" class=\"wp-image-19146\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4255.png\" alt=\"The website uses a reversed, enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of Pierre Jacob wearing a light blue collared shirt open at the neck under a black vest and a dark gray suit coat for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4255.png 579w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4255-271x300.png 271w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4255-136x150.png 136w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/intentionality\/\">Intentionality<\/a>.&#8221; <em>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy&nbsp;<\/em>(Spring 2023 Edition), edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/mally.stanford.edu\/zalta.html\">Edward N<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_N._Zalta\">Zalta<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Edward_N._Zalta_en_Wikimania_2015_05.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"149\" class=\"wp-image-11375\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of Edward N. Zalta, wearing glasses, a full white beard and mustache, and a vertically striped shirt with a lanyard around his neck, looking to his left, was used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-150x128.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.stanford.edu\/people\/uri-nodelman\">Uri<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/ai.stanford.edu\/~nodelman\/publications.html\">Nodelman<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.stanford.edu\/people\/uri-nodelman\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"139\" class=\"wp-image-19062\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031.png\" alt=\"A reversed, enhanced photographic headshot cutout of a smiling Uri Nodelman wearing glasses and a dark gray collared shirt is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031-300x278.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031-150x139.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmc.edu\/academic\/faculty\/profile\/amy-kind\">Kind<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amykind.com\/\">Amy<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/gouldcenter.org\/amy-kind\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"175\" class=\"wp-image-8849\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9801.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a smiling Amy Kind with shoulder length blonde hair parted towards her left side wearing a necklace with a ring dangling and a blue print shirt with fancy dark blue vertical stripes used to visually identify her.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9801.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9801-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9801-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9801-600x600.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/qualia\/\">Qualia<\/a>.\u201d In&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/\">The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a><\/em>, September 27, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>See <a href=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/qualia\/#H7\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Amy Kind\u2019s Bibliography under \u201c7. References and Further Reading\u201d in her \u201cQualia\u201d<\/span><\/a>.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Peter%20King\">King<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/individual.utoronto.ca\/pking\/\">Peter<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.utoronto.ca\/directory\/peter-king\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"162\" class=\"wp-image-4182\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/a5f00bbe-d7bb-4561-9626-95bce8881b28.png\" alt=\"A reversed enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a glasses adorned full gray beard and mustache facing forward Peter King wearing a blue collared shirt buttoned to the top button under a dark blue suit jacket used for visually identifying him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/a5f00bbe-d7bb-4561-9626-95bce8881b28.png 296w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/a5f00bbe-d7bb-4561-9626-95bce8881b28-278x300.png 278w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/go.pl?id=KINWIT&amp;proxyId=&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Findividual.utoronto.ca%2Fpking%2Farticles%2FWhy_Mind-Body_Problem_not_Mediaeval.pdf\">Why isn&#8217;t the mind-body problem medieval?<\/a>\u201d In&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/content.e-bookshelf.de\/media\/reading\/L-4296-4a37f832b5.pdf\"><em>Forming the Mind: Essays on the Internal Senses and the Mind\/Body Problem from Avicenna to the Medical Enlightenment<\/em><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-1-4020-6084-7\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"282\" class=\"wp-image-11212\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3192.jpeg\" alt=\"The dark blue and dark gray book cover with an orange stripe above the title of \u201cForming the mind,\u201d edited by Henrik Lagerlund, is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3192.jpeg 397w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3192-186x300.jpeg 186w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3192-93x150.jpeg 93w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>, edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/henrik-lagerlund\">Henrik<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.su.se\/english\/profiles\/hlage-1.313716\">Lagerlund<\/a> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"179\" class=\"wp-image-4194\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1aa82adf-a5f0-4b90-9b73-b68b5dabad42.png\" alt=\"A reversed enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of an eye's smiling full brown beard and mustache Henrik Lagerlund wearing a light purple colored collared shirt under a black suit jacket used for visually identifying him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1aa82adf-a5f0-4b90-9b73-b68b5dabad42.png 313w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1aa82adf-a5f0-4b90-9b73-b68b5dabad42-293x300.png 293w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/>. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Verlag (2007): 187\u2013206.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>See <a href=\"http:\/\/individual.utoronto.ca\/pking\/\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Peter<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Peter%20King\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">King\u2019s<\/span><\/a> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"136\" class=\"wp-image-4187\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SIX_8EE10883-D028-43F3-870B-7E1B3634197E.png\" alt=\"A reversed enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a glasses adorned full gray beard and mustache facing to the right Peter King wearing a white shirt under a black v-neck sweater with a black suit jacket and white flower boutonni\u00e8re used for visually identifying him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SIX_8EE10883-D028-43F3-870B-7E1B3634197E.png 320w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SIX_8EE10883-D028-43F3-870B-7E1B3634197E-300x233.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.logicmuseum.com\/wiki\/Peter_King\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">bibliography<\/span><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Lycan\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong>Lycan<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.uconn.edu\/person\/william-lycan\/\">William<\/a><\/strong>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/consciousness-representational\/\">Representational Theories of Consciousness<\/a>.&#8221; <em>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy&nbsp;<\/em>(Winter 2023 Edition), edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/mally.stanford.edu\/zalta.html\">Edward N<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_N._Zalta\">Zalta<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Edward_N._Zalta_en_Wikimania_2015_05.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"149\" class=\"wp-image-11375\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of Edward N. Zalta, wearing glasses, a full white beard and mustache, and a vertically striped shirt with a lanyard around his neck, looking to his left, was used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-150x128.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.stanford.edu\/people\/uri-nodelman\">Uri<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/ai.stanford.edu\/~nodelman\/publications.html\">Nodelman<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.stanford.edu\/people\/uri-nodelman\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"139\" class=\"wp-image-19062\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031.png\" alt=\"A reversed, enhanced photographic headshot cutout of a smiling Uri Nodelman wearing glasses and a dark gray collared shirt is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031-300x278.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031-150x139.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wallace_Matson\">Matson<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Uncorrected_Papers\/ofgWyRc40jYC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;printsec=frontcover\">Wallace<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Wallace%20I.%20Matson\">I<\/a>.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.despinoza.nl\/log\/wallace-i-matson-1921-2012-spinozas-ethics-the-greatest-single-work-in-philosophy.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"233\" class=\"wp-image-10452\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2307.png\" alt=\"An enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of an old without  glasses Wallace I. Matson wearing a white shirt with eyeglasses in his left shirt front pocket and another pair tucked into his shirt used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2307.png 481w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2307-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2307-113x150.png 113w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/document\/170859583\/Matson-Why-Isn-t-the-Mind-body-Problem-Ancient\">Why isn&#8217;t the mind-body problem ancient?<\/a>\u201d In <em><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/FEYMMA\">Mind, Matter, and Method<\/a><\/em>, edited by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.collodel.org\/feyerabend\/#\">Paul<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Feyerabend\">Feyerabend<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Grover%20Maxwell\">Grover<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/archives.lib.umn.edu\/repositories\/14\/resources\/1336\">Maxwell<\/a> (no known photo). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press (1966): 92\u2013102.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wallace_Matson\">Matson<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Uncorrected_Papers\/ofgWyRc40jYC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;printsec=frontcover\">Wallace<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Wallace%20I.%20Matson\">I<\/a>.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gf.org\/fellows\/wallace-i-matson\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"175\" class=\"wp-image-10449\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2308.png\" alt=\"An enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of a young with glasses Wallace I. Matson wearing a light blue shirt and blue tie under a gray suit jacket used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2308.png 500w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2308-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2308-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.nl\/books?id=8YrA9xNZz7QC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;hl=nl&amp;pg=PA67#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">2. What is a Belief?<\/a>&#8221; (68\u201370) and &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.nl\/books?id=8YrA9xNZz7QC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;hl=nl&amp;pg=PA67#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">3. The Difference Language Makes<\/a>&#8221; (70\u201371), sub-sections from &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.nl\/books?id=8YrA9xNZz7QC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;hl=nl&amp;pg=PA67#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Spinoza on Beliefs<\/a>.&#8221; In <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.nl\/books?id=8YrA9xNZz7QC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;hl=nl&amp;pg=PA67#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Spinoza on Knowledge and the Human Mind<\/a> Volume II <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.nl\/books?id=8YrA9xNZz7QC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;hl=nl&amp;pg=PA67#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"267\" class=\"wp-image-10433\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2276.jpeg\" alt=\"An enhanced dark blue with a blue strip on left edge book cover of &quot;Spinoza on Knowledge and the Human Mind&quot; edited by Yirmiyahu Yuvel used to visually identify it.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2276.jpeg 419w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2276-196x300.jpeg 196w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2276-98x150.jpeg 98w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>, edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/pluto.huji.ac.il\/~msyeri\/2.html#\">Yirmiyahu<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yirmiyahu_Yovel\">Yovel<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pluto.huji.ac.il\/~msyeri\/2.html#\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"200\" class=\"wp-image-10439\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2282.png\" alt=\"An enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of Yirmiyahu Yovel with a brown \u2013 white scarf under a canvas colored outerwear jacket used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2282.png 350w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2282-263x300.png 263w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2282-131x150.png 131w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a> and assistant editor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/search?projectName=NLI#&amp;q=creator,contains,Segal%2c%20Gideon\">Gideon<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Gideon%20Segal\">Segal<\/a> (no known photo), 68\u201371. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calvin_Normore\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calvin_Normore\">Normore<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.ucla.edu\/person\/calvin-normore\/\">Calvin<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Calvin%20G.%20Normore\">G<\/a>.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.duke.edu\/news\/departmental-newsletter-september-2023\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"270\" class=\"wp-image-10192\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1605.jpeg\" alt=\"A reversed enhanced color photographic cutout of a lecturing Calvin G. Normore with his hands upraised but separated while he wears a brown suit and a red and tan sweater used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1605.jpeg 355w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1605-166x300.jpeg 166w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1605-83x150.jpeg 83w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/NORBDA\">Burge, Descartes, and us<\/a>.&#8221; In <em><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/HAHRAR\">Reflections and Replies: Essays on the Philosophy of Tyler Burge<\/a><\/em>, edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfu.ca\/philosophy\/people\/faculty\/profiles\/martin-hahn.html\">Martin<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/martin-hahn\">Hahn<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfu.ca\/~wwwphil\/galleries\/colloquia_2011-12.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"144\" class=\"wp-image-11435\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3598.png\" alt=\"A reversed and enhanced color photographic upper torso and headshot cutout of Martin Hahn, with a full black and gray beard and mustache, glasses, and an orange long-sleeved shirt unbuttoned at the neck, with his bent left arm on his hip, is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3598.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3598-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3598-150x123.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfu.ca\/philosophy\/people\/faculty\/profiles\/martin-hahn.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"150\" class=\"wp-image-11436\" style=\"width: 100px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3597.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color headshot photograph of Martin Hahn, featuring a full black and gray beard, glasses, and a soft blue collared shirt with his right shoulder back, is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3597.png 298w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3597-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3597-100x150.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/uio.academia.edu\/Bj\u00f8rnTorgrimRamberg\/CurriculumVitae\">Bj\u00f6rn<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/bjorn-torgrim-ramberg\">T.<\/a>(orgrim) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Bjorn-Ramberg\">Ramberg<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hf.uio.no\/ifikk\/english\/people\/aca\/philosophy\/tenured\/bjoerntr\/index.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"125\" height=\"169\" class=\"wp-image-11437\" style=\"width: 125px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3602.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of Bj\u00f8rn Torgrim Ramberg turned to his left with his head turned forward and wearing a blue shirt under a dark blue sports coat used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3602.png 474w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3602-222x300.png 222w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_3602-111x150.png 111w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 125px) 100vw, 125px\" \/><\/a>. Boston: MIT Press (2003): 1\u201314.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Papineau\">Papineau<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.davidpapineau.co.uk\">David<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/The_Metaphysics_of_Sensory_Experience\/feAeEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1\">The Metaphysics of Sensory Experience<\/a>. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.calstatela.edu\/faculty\/david-pitt\">Pitt<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dpittphilosophy.com\/cv\">David<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.calstatela.edu\/faculty\/david-pitt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"145\" class=\"wp-image-15105\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7739.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of David Pitt with his left shoulder forward, wearing glasses and a light green collared shirt, is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7739.png 348w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7739-300x290.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_7739-150x145.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/fall2022\/entries\/mental-representation\/\">Mental Representation<\/a>.&#8221; <em>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy&nbsp;<\/em>(Fall 2022 Edition), edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/mally.stanford.edu\/zalta.html\">Edward N<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_N._Zalta\">Zalta<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Edward_N._Zalta_en_Wikimania_2015_05.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"149\" class=\"wp-image-11375\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of Edward N. Zalta, wearing glasses, a full white beard and mustache, and a vertically striped shirt with a lanyard around his neck, looking to his left, was used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-150x128.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.stanford.edu\/people\/uri-nodelman\">Uri<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/ai.stanford.edu\/~nodelman\/publications.html\">Nodelman<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.stanford.edu\/people\/uri-nodelman\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"139\" class=\"wp-image-19062\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031.png\" alt=\"A reversed, enhanced photographic headshot cutout of a smiling Uri Nodelman wearing glasses and a dark gray collared shirt is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031-300x278.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031-150x139.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/samuel-c-rickless\">Rickless<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samrickless.com\/\">Samuel<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/samrickless.com\/files\/Cv-scr-8-28-2023.pdf\">C<\/a>.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/ucsd.academia.edu\/SamuelRickless\/CurriculumVitae\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"189\" class=\"wp-image-2803\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_1997.png\" alt=\"A color photographic cutout of a smiling Samuel C. Rickless used to identifying him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_1997.png 254w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_1997-238x300.png 238w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a> . &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledgehandbooks.com\/doi\/10.4324\/9781315771960.ch3\">Qualities<\/a>.&#8221; <em><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/The_Routledge_Companion_to_Seventeenth_C.html?id=j3s5DwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">The Routledge Companion to Seventeenth Century Philosophy<\/a><\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/The_Routledge_Companion_to_Seventeenth_C\/j3s5DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;pg=PA2014&amp;printsec=frontcover\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/The_Routledge_Companion_to_Seventeenth_C\/j3s5DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;pg=PA2014&amp;printsec=frontcover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"249\" class=\"wp-image-5970\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_0904.jpeg\" alt=\"The dark green book cover for &quot;The Routledge Companion to Seventeenth Century Philosophy&quot; (2017) edited by Dan Kauffman used to visually identify it.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_0904.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_0904-211x300.jpeg 211w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>, edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/philosophy\/sites\/default\/files\/attached-files\/cv_kaufman.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/philosophy\/sites\/default\/files\/attached-files\/cv_kaufman.pdf\">Dan<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Dan%20Kaufman\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Dan%20Kaufman\">Kaufman<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/images.app.goo.gl\/mtnmt4BBnECRsrbR6\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"125\" height=\"169\" class=\"wp-image-2692\" style=\"width: 125px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_1861.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color headshot of an unsmiling Dan Kaufman wearing a red shirt with tight white stripes used for identifying him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_1861.png 237w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_1861-222x300.png 222w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 125px) 100vw, 125px\" \/><\/a>, 60\u201386. New York: Routledge, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_M._Rosenthal_(philosopher)\">Rosenthal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/david-rosenthal\">David<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.davidrosenthal.org\/Rosenthal-cv.pdf\">M<\/a>.<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"196\" class=\"wp-image-4730\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_7976.png\" alt=\"A reversed enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a glasses adorned David M. Rosenthsl with s full white beard and mustache wearing a blue collared shirt and an outwear jacket over it used for visually identifying him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_7976.png 245w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_7976-230x300.png 230w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/23352846\">Consciousness and Mind<\/a><\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Consciousness_and_Mind\/Tb4RDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"257\" class=\"wp-image-8899\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9865.png\" alt=\"An enhanced colorized photographic cutout of the 3D book cover of &quot;Consciousness and Mind&quot; by David M. Rosenthal used to visually identify it.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9865.png 374w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9865-175x300.png 175w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9865-88x150.png 88w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. See contents in screenshot below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"788\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9863-1-788x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8903\" style=\"width:399px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9863-1-788x1024.jpeg 788w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9863-1-231x300.jpeg 231w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9863-1-115x150.jpeg 115w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9863-1-768x997.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9863-1-1183x1536.jpeg 1183w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9863-1-1577x2048.jpeg 1577w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9863-1.jpeg 1834w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 788px) 100vw, 788px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_M._Rosenthal_(philosopher)\">Rosenthal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/david-rosenthal\">David<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.davidrosenthal.org\/Rosenthal-cv.pdf\">M<\/a>.<\/strong>  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"196\" class=\"wp-image-4730\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_7976.png\" alt=\"A reversed enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a glasses adorned David M. Rosenthal with a full white beard and mustache wearing a blue collared shirt and an outwear jacket over it used for visually identifying him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_7976.png 245w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_7976-230x300.png 230w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/23352846?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents\">Consciousness and the Mind<\/a>.&#8221; <a class=\"  \" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/journal\/iyyun\">Iyyun: The Jerusalem Philosophical Quarterly<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/journal\/iyyun\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"88\" class=\"wp-image-8906\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9867.jpeg\" alt=\"An enhanced graphic of the logo of &quot;Ilyun: The Jerusalem Philosophical Quarterly&quot; with the title in dark  grayish blue font in Hebrew on an all white background used to visually identify it.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9867.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9867-300x151.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9867-150x75.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a> 51 (July 2002): 227\u201351.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:27px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\">  <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ppke.academia.edu\/DanielSchmal\">Schmal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ppke.academia.edu\/DanielSchmal\/CurriculumVitae\">Daniel<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/ppke.academia.edu\/DanielSchmal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" class=\"wp-image-20212\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/IMG_0632.png\" alt=\"An enhanced colorized photographic cutout of Daniel Schmal with his head tucked down and wearing a dark sweater is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/IMG_0632.png 400w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/IMG_0632-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/IMG_0632-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/09608788.2019.1684238#d1e664\">Virtual reflection: Antoine Arnauld on Descartes\u2019 concept of&nbsp;<em>conscientia<\/em><\/a>.&#8221; <em>British Journal for the History of Philosophy<\/em> <em>28<\/em>, no. 4 (2019): 714\u201334. Also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/42638770\/Virtual_reflection_Antoine_Arnauld_on_Descartes_concept_of_Conscientia\">available<\/a> at Academia.com. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09608788.2019.1684238.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/09608788.2019.1684238#d1e664\">Abstract<\/a>:<\/strong> Although Descartes has often been portrayed as the father of the modern concept of mind, his approach to consciousness is notoriously problematic. What makes it particularly hard to assess his role in the development of the theories of consciousness is the difficulty of clarifying the kind of consciousness he might have in mind when using the associated Latin terms (<em>conscius, cogitatio, conscium esse<\/em>, etc.). In this article, I analyse Antoine Arnauld\u2019s early interpretation of the passages in Descartes that refer to the issue of consciousness. I argue for two separate but interconnected claims. Firstly, I show that when Arnauld sets out to make a case for Descartes\u2019 concept of <em>cogitatio<\/em>, he reads the central passages in light of some scholastic theories of cognition, in particular, the concept of \u2018<em>reflexio virtualis<\/em>\u2019 which, far from being a Cartesian invention, comes from the late scholastic discourse. Secondly, I argue that by talking about virtual reflection Arnauld provides an interpretation of Descartes\u2019 views in terms of the intrinsic structure of the first-order thought\u2014a reading which is still plausible, even by our contemporary standards.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Seager_%28philosopher%29\">Seager<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.utoronto.ca\/directory\/william-e-seager\/\">William<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.utsc.utoronto.ca\/philosophy\/person\/william-e-seager\">E<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5YxuK7W_Pz0?si=nYfJQ6uo63jr9KVY\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"141\" class=\"wp-image-19127\" style=\"width: 250px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4126.png\" alt=\"The website uses an enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of William E. Seager, wearing glasses and a blue collared shirt under a navy blue sweater, for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4126.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4126-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4126-150x84.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a> &amp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/David%20Bourget\">David Bourget<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/david-bourget\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" class=\"wp-image-19106\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_4098.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of David Bourget wearing a dark gray shirt is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_4098.png 400w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_4098-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_4098-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/archive\/SEARAC.pdf\">Representationalism about Consciousness<\/a>.\u201d In&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/VELTBC-2\">The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness<\/a><\/em>, edited by Max Velmans and Susan Schneider. New York: Wiley-Blackwell, 2007, 261\u201376.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Searle\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Searle\">Searle<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/John%20R.%20Searle\">John<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Searle\">R<\/a>.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crassh.cam.ac.uk\/about\/people\/john-searle\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"182\" class=\"wp-image-8844\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9794.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of John R. Searle with a white shirt and dark suit jacket used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9794.png 329w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9794-247x300.png 247w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9794-123x150.png 123w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/Intentionality.html?id=nAYGcftgT20C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/Intentionality.html?id=nAYGcftgT20C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Intentionality. An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind<\/a><\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/images.app.goo.gl\/2aKoK49jSHXRgKfr8\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"269\" class=\"wp-image-8924\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9924.png\" alt=\"An enhanced golor photographic cutout of the 3D book cover of &quot;Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind&quot; by John R. Searle used to visually identify it.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9924.png 417w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9924-195x300.png 195w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9924-98x150.png 98w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni-konstanz.de\/transatlantik\/downloads\/CV%20Searle.doc\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">John Searle&#8217;s CV<\/span><\/a> up through 2008.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Searle\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Searle\">Searle<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/John%20R.%20Searle\">John<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Searle\">R<\/a>.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLez3PPtnpncRfQqcILa8-Lgv2Zyxzqdel&amp;si=r-rgc8SyC0RmIMRI\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"195\" class=\"wp-image-8921\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9916.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of John R. Searle with a blue shirt with two vertical red stripes annd a dark blue cross hatched patterned tie  and dark suit jacket used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9916.png 492w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9916-231x300.png 231w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9916-115x150.png 115w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a> &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/nap.nationalacademies.org\/read\/18573\/chapter\/3\">Chapter 1: Theory of Mind and Darwin&#8217;s Legacy<\/a>.&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/In_the_Light_of_Evolution\/uaDnAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;pg=PT13&amp;printsec=frontcover\">In the Light of Evolution: Volume VII: The Human Mental Machinery<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/In_the_Light_of_Evolution\/uaDnAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;pg=PT13&amp;printsec=frontcover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"273\" class=\"wp-image-8913\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/SIX_7322A730-40EF-43B0-B8D8-995B8B62DA8F.png\" alt=\"An enhanced red, white and black book cover of &quot;In the light of evolution VII: The human mental machinery&quot; edited by \nCamilo J. Cela-Conde, Ra\u00fal Guti\u00e9rrez Lombardo, John C. Avise, and Francisco J. Ayala used to visually identify it.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/SIX_7322A730-40EF-43B0-B8D8-995B8B62DA8F.png 411w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/SIX_7322A730-40EF-43B0-B8D8-995B8B62DA8F-193x300.png 193w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/SIX_7322A730-40EF-43B0-B8D8-995B8B62DA8F-96x150.png 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. Edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/carta.anthropogeny.org\/users\/camilo-cela-conde\">Camilo J. Cela-Condea<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/logicae.usal.es\/drupalD6\/alumnos\/?q=noticia\/entrevista\">Ra\u00fal Guti\u00e9rrez Lombardo<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Avise\">John C. Avise<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francisco_J._Ayala\">Francisco J. Ayala<\/a>. Washington, D. C.: National Academies Press (2014): 3\u201318.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Read the &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/epdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1307207110\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">From the Academy: Colloquium Introduction<\/span><\/a>&#8221; to the book by <a href=\"https:\/\/carta.anthropogeny.org\/users\/camilo-cela-conde\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Camilo J. Cela-Condea<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/logicae.usal.es\/drupalD6\/alumnos\/?q=noticia\/entrevista\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Ra\u00fal Guti\u00e9rrez Lombardo<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Avise\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">John C. Avise<\/span><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francisco_J._Ayala\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Francisco J. Ayala<\/span><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.rice.edu\/faculty\/charles-siewert\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong>Siewert<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.charles-siewert.com\/\">Charles<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.charles-siewert.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"133\" class=\"wp-image-19121\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4106.png\" alt=\"The website uses an enhanced colorized  photographic headshot cutout of Charles Siewert wearing a shirt with stripes of multiple colors with his head bent to his right for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4106.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4106-300x228.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4106-150x114.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.rice.edu\/faculty\/charles-siewert\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"125\" height=\"167\" class=\"wp-image-19122\" style=\"width: 125px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4109.png\" alt=\"The website uses an enhanced colorized  photographic headshot cutout of Charles Siewert wearing a shirt with stripes of multiple colors with his head bent to his right for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4109.png 480w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4109-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4109-113x150.png 113w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 125px) 100vw, 125px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/consciousness-intentionality\/\">Consciousness and Intentionality<\/a>.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy&nbsp;<\/em>(Summer 2022 Edition), edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/mally.stanford.edu\/zalta.html\">Edward N<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_N._Zalta\">Zalta<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Edward_N._Zalta_en_Wikimania_2015_05.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"149\" class=\"wp-image-11375\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of Edward N. Zalta, wearing glasses, a full white beard and mustache, and a vertically striped shirt with a lanyard around his neck, looking to his left, was used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-150x128.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evan_Thompson\">Thompson<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/evanthompson.me\/biography\/\">Evan<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/evanthompson.me\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"227\" class=\"wp-image-8879\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9817.png\" alt=\"An enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of a closed mouth slightly smirking Evan Thompson with his left shoulder back and wearing a white collared shirt and a white undershirt used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9817.png 494w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9817-232x300.png 232w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9817-116x150.png 116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/Colour_Vision.html?id=O9SIAgAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Colour Vision: A Study in Cognitive Science and the Philosophy of Perception<\/a><\/em> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"232\" class=\"wp-image-8927\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9926.jpeg\" alt=\"An enhanced color book cover of &quot;Colour Vision: A Study in Cognitive Science and the Philosophy of Perception&quot; by Evan Thompson with a pixelated photograph of. green apples on the cover used to visually identify it.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9926.jpeg 414w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9926-194x300.jpeg 194w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9926-97x150.jpeg 97w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>. New York: Routledge, 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong>Tye, Michael<\/strong>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/qualia\/\">Qualia<\/a>.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy&nbsp;<\/em>(Fall 2021 Edition), edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/mally.stanford.edu\/zalta.html\">Edward N<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_N._Zalta\">Zalta<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Edward_N._Zalta_en_Wikimania_2015_05.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"149\" class=\"wp-image-11375\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of Edward N. Zalta, wearing glasses, a full white beard and mustache, and a vertically striped shirt with a lanyard around his neck, looking to his left, was used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-150x128.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/twardowski\/\">Twardowski<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazimierz_Twardowski\">Kazimierz<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazimierz_Twardowski\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"250\" class=\"wp-image-8885\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9828.png\" alt=\"An enhanced colorized photographic torso and headshot cutout of a gray bearded and brown mustached Kazimierz Twardowski. looking straight ahead and wearing a dark gray vest buttoned at his neck. and matching dark gray suit jacket used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9828.png 384w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9828-180x300.png 180w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9828-90x150.png 90w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/Zur_Lehre_vom_Inhalt_und_Gegenstand_der.html?id=xhcQAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Zur Lehre vom Inhalt and Gegenstand der Vorstellun-gen. Eine Psychologische Untersuchung<\/a><\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/images.app.goo.gl\/RMK3ZoPzEgRymekB6\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"264\" class=\"wp-image-9060\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9948.jpeg\" alt=\"An enhanced image of a book cover of Kazimierz Twardowski's (1866\u20131938) &quot;Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen: eine psychologische Untersuchung&quot; with a yellow top and ripped paper image of brown on bottom half of the cover used to visually identify it.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9948.jpeg 424w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9948-199x300.jpeg 199w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9948-99x150.jpeg 99w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=xhcQAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PP5&amp;source=gbs_selected_pages&amp;cad=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"270\" class=\"wp-image-9063\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/SIX_FED680B8-A8AD-4A71-8FF6-148C1FCA104D.png\" alt=\"An enhanced image of the inner title page of Kazimierz Twardowski's (1866\u20131938) &quot;Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen: eine psychologische Untersuchung&quot; on white  paper used to visually identify it.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/SIX_FED680B8-A8AD-4A71-8FF6-148C1FCA104D.png 415w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/SIX_FED680B8-A8AD-4A71-8FF6-148C1FCA104D-195x300.png 195w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/SIX_FED680B8-A8AD-4A71-8FF6-148C1FCA104D-97x150.png 97w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>.Wien, Holder 1894; reprinted with an Introduction by Rudolf Haller, Munchen: Philosophia Verlag, 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/twardowski\/\">Twardowski<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazimierz_Twardowski\">Kazimierz<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/twardowski.waw.pl\/en\/photographs\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" class=\"wp-image-8888\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9831.png\" alt=\"An enhanced reversed colorized photographic headshot cutout of an all brown bearded and brown mustached Kazimierz Twardowski. looking to his right and wearing a white collar and a dark gray suit jacket used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9831.png 636w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9831-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9831-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9831-600x600.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/On_the_Content_and_Object_of_Presentatio.html?id=BnehBQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">On the Content and Object of Presentations<\/a><\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-94-010-1050-4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"229\" class=\"wp-image-9065\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9957.jpeg\" alt=\"An enhanced image of the reddish book cover of the English translation titled &quot;On the Content and Object of Presentations&quot; by Kasimir Twardowski translated by Reinhardt Grossmann used to visually identify it.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9957.jpeg 420w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9957-197x300.jpeg 197w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9957-98x150.jpeg 98w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>, translated by <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12133-010-0071-1\">Reinhardt<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reinhardt_Grossmann\">Grossmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/institutionalmemory.iu.edu\/aimrest\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/c2b94ee3-5267-4b88-9705-cd5d187f440c\/content\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"162\" class=\"wp-image-8889\" style=\"width: 200px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9843.png\" alt=\"An enhanced colorized photographic upper torso and headshot cutout of a Reinhardt Grossmann with glasses wearing a gray\/blue shirt used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9843.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9843-300x243.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9843-150x121.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>. The Hague: Martins Nijhoff, 1977. Originally published as <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/On_the_Content_and_Object_of_Presentations\">Zu Lehre vom Inhalt and Gegenstand der Vorstellungen<\/a><\/em>, Vienna, 1894. Facsimile edition with introduction by <a href=\"https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/journals\/gps\/99\/2\/article-p201_5.xml?language=en\">Rudolf Haller<\/a>, Philosophia Verlag. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Read <a href=\"https:\/\/www.memphis.edu\/philosophy\/people\/bios\/john-tienson.php\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.memphis.edu\/philosophy\/people\/bios\/john-tienson.php\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">John<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Tienson\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Tienson\u2019s<\/span><\/a> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"172\" class=\"wp-image-8891\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9848.png\" alt=\"An enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of John Tienson with glasses and. a thin scraggly beard and mustache wearing a v-neck black shirt used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9848.png 460w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9848-300x295.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9848-150x147.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/> &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/profesorvargasguillen.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/04\/kasimir-twardowski-on-the-content-of-presentations-2013.pdf\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Kasimir Twardowski on the content of presentations<\/span><\/a>&#8221; (2013).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"22\" style=\"white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9059.png\" alt=\"A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point.\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/robert-van-gulick\"><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;\"><\/span><strong>Van<\/strong><\/a><strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/syr.academia.edu\/RobertVanGulick\">Gulick<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/artsandsciences.syracuse.edu\/people\/faculty\/van-gulick-robert\/\">Robert<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tnZnoo39rgw?si=b4qoRx6aRl2tPSMV\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"124\" class=\"wp-image-19069\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/SIX_E6BCD654-EFDF-4919-A2A6-7DA8A0FDA01E.png\" alt=\"A reversed, enhanced,  colorized photographic headshot cutout of Robert Van Gulik with glasses with black across the top of the frame and bushy white hair is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/SIX_E6BCD654-EFDF-4919-A2A6-7DA8A0FDA01E.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/SIX_E6BCD654-EFDF-4919-A2A6-7DA8A0FDA01E-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/SIX_E6BCD654-EFDF-4919-A2A6-7DA8A0FDA01E-150x107.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/consciousness\/\">Consciousness<\/a>.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy&nbsp;<\/em>(Winter 2022 Edition), edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/mally.stanford.edu\/zalta.html\">Edward N<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_N._Zalta\">Zalta<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Edward_N._Zalta_en_Wikimania_2015_05.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"149\" class=\"wp-image-11375\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of Edward N. Zalta, wearing glasses, a full white beard and mustache, and a vertically striped shirt with a lanyard around his neck, looking to his left, was used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SIX_CEF2A145-CE25-4AFB-ABAA-3401DB29CC8D-150x128.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.stanford.edu\/people\/uri-nodelman\">Uri<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/ai.stanford.edu\/~nodelman\/publications.html\">Nodelman<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.stanford.edu\/people\/uri-nodelman\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"139\" class=\"wp-image-19062\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031.png\" alt=\"A reversed, enhanced photographic headshot cutout of a smiling Uri Nodelman wearing glasses and a dark gray collared shirt is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031-300x278.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_4031-150x139.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" id=\"primary-sources\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/dtoi-primary-sources\/#primary-sources\">Primary Sources<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/dtoi-secondary-sources-a-l\/#A-neon-ivy-drop-cap\">Secondary Sources (A\u2013L)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/dtoi-secondary-sources-m-z\/#M-neon-ivy-drop-cap\">Secondary Sources (M\u2013Z)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"#relevant-contemporary-sources\">Relevant Contemporary Sources<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:59px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"descartes-bibliographies\">Descartes Bibliographies<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"831\" class=\"wp-image-27150\" style=\"width: 1200px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A full-sized framed color graphic depicting a wooden sign out in the forest advertising Descartes's Theory of Ideas with DTOI URL underneath used as a bullet point.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1024x709.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-150x104.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-768x532.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1536x1063.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-2048x1418.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"104\" class=\"wp-image-27131\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b.jpeg\" alt=\"A framed color graphic depicting a wooden sign out in the forest advertising Descartes's Theory of Ideas with DTOI URL underneath used as a bullet point.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b-150x104.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>   <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cartesius.net\/il-centro\/presentazione\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"161\" class=\"wp-image-3382\" style=\"width: 500px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/IMG_4701-2.gif\" alt=\"\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cartesius.net\/images\/pdf\/Sebba_1800-1960.pdf\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Bibliographia Cartesiana 1800\u20131960<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-94-010-3596-5\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"262\" class=\"wp-image-13249\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6077.jpeg\" alt=\"The light peach-colored paper book cover of \u201cBibliographia Cartesiana: A Critical Guide to the Descartes Literature 1800 \\\u20131960,\u201d edited by Gregor Sebba, is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6077.jpeg 427w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6077-200x300.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6077-100x150.jpeg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. A Critical Guide to the Descartes Literature, edited by Gregor Sebba. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-94-010-3596-5\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Abstract<\/span><\/a>:<\/strong> This book offers a new type of working tool for Cartesian studies. It presents the literature of the last 160 years in alphabetical order (Part Two), combined with a systematic analytical survey (Part One) and a detailed topical index to the whole (Part Three). This organization makes it possible to turn bibliogra\u00ad phy from a repository of references into a workshop of research. The system\u00ad atic survey of Part One and the topical index of Part Three, together, offer a mise au point of Descartes studies over their full historical and topical range. The results have often been surprising and illuminating to the author, and if his experience is any guide, the reader, too, will begin to wonder about certain seemingly well-settled points, or marvel at the Protean shapes which our elusive philosopher assumes when mighty commentators force him to reveal his true nature. A work which has been in the making for fifteen years must show the traces of expansion in scope, and changes in evaluation. Bibliographia cartesiana amends my Descartes chapter in A Critical Bibliography of French Literature, v. 3, 1961 (see no. I9a), and supersedes an earlier version of Parts One and Two, published in 1959 under the main title Descartes and his Philosophy, v. 1 (set: no. I8a). Part I (Introduction to Descartes Studies) divides the field into eleven broad areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cartesius.net\/images\/pdf\/Bibliografia_Cartesiana_1960-1996_.pdf\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Bibliographie Cartesiene 1960\u20131996<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cartesius.net\/images\/pdf\/Bibliografia_Cartesiana_1960-1996_.pdf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" class=\"wp-image-13256\" style=\"width: 225px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6082.jpeg\" alt=\"For visual identification, an enhanced white book cover of \u201cBibliographie Cartesiene 1960\u20131996\u201d (2003), edited by Jean-Robert Armogathe and Vincent Carraud, is used.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6082.jpeg 480w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6082-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6082-113x150.jpeg 113w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a>, edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Jean-Robert%20Armogathe\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Jean-Robert<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Robert_Armogathe\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Armogathe<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/aibl.fr\/membres-academiciens\/armogathe-jean-robert\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"171\" class=\"wp-image-13265\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6088.png\" alt=\"For visual identification, a reversed, enhanced, colorized photographic headshot cutout of Jean-Robert Arbogathe wearing glasses and a black priest\u2019s robe with a white clerical collar is used.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6088.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6088-300x293.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6088-150x146.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/vincent-carraud\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Vincent<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vincent_Carraud\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Carraud<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/livres\/article\/2023\/07\/09\/vincent-carraud-proche-de-pascal_6181179_3260.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"193\" class=\"wp-image-13270\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6092.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic upper torso and headshot cutout of Vincent Carraud wearing glasses, a brown suitcoat, and a brown tie with a bright white shirt is used for visual identification. \" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6092.png 498w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6092-233x300.png 233w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6092-117x150.png 117w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>.&nbsp;Lecce: Conte Editore, 2003. Also available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/document\/469295268\/Bibliografia-Cartesiana-1960-1996-pdf\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Scribd<\/span><\/a> and at the <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bibliografia-cartesiana-1960-1996\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\">Internet Archive<\/span><\/a>.<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cartesius.net\/bibliografia-cartesiana\/bibliografia-cartesiana-1997-2012\"><span style=\"color:#2271B1\"><em><strong>Cartesian Bibliography 1997\u20132012<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/a>. A searchable database.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"104\" class=\"wp-image-27150\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A full-sized framed color graphic depicting a wooden sign out in the forest advertising Descartes's Theory of Ideas with DTOI URL underneath used as a bullet point.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1024x709.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-150x104.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-768x532.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1536x1063.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-2048x1418.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.actu-philosophia.com\/qui-sommes-nous\/\"><strong>Actu Philosophia<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.actu-philosophia.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"16\" class=\"wp-image-10463\" style=\"width: 200px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2332.png\" alt=\"The logo of Actu Philosophia.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2332.png 320w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2332-300x23.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IMG_2332-150x12.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.actu-philosophia.com\/tag\/descartes\/\">ten pages of French books on Descartes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ixtheo.de\/\">IxTheo<\/a><\/strong> (<a href=\"https:\/\/ixtheo.de\/\">Index Theologicus<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A searchable International Bibliography of Theology and Religious Studies database. A <a href=\"https:\/\/ixtheo.de\/Content\/Impressum#content\">service of University Library<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/uni-tuebingen.de\/datenschutzerklaerung?in2cookieHideOptIn\">Eberhard Karls University of T\u00fcbingen<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"104\" class=\"wp-image-27131\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b.jpeg\" alt=\"A framed color graphic depicting a wooden sign out in the forest advertising Descartes's Theory of Ideas with DTOI URL underneath used as a bullet point.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b-150x104.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>&nbsp;  &nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/dokumen.pub\/twenty-five-years-of-descartes-scholarship-1960-1984-a-bibliography-isbn-0-8240-4650-1.html\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/dokumen.pub\/twenty-five-years-of-descartes-scholarship-1960-1984-a-bibliography-isbn-0-8240-4650-1.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"213\" class=\"wp-image-2372\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/SIX_651B4E9C-30E6-47AC-A01B-394A6F2AD57D.jpeg\" alt=\"The book cover for &quot;Twenty-Five Years of Descartes Scholarship 1960\u20131984.&quot;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/SIX_651B4E9C-30E6-47AC-A01B-394A6F2AD57D.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/SIX_651B4E9C-30E6-47AC-A01B-394A6F2AD57D-211x300.jpeg 211w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/dokumen.pub\/twenty-five-years-of-descartes-scholarship-1960-1984-a-bibliography-isbn-0-8240-4650-1.html\"><em><strong>Twenty-five years of Descartes Scholarship! 1960\u20131984 A Bibliography<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.umass.edu\/philosophy\/news\/memoriam-vere-chappell-1930-2019\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.umass.edu\/philosophy\/news\/memoriam-vere-chappell-1930-2019\">Vere<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vere_Chappell\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vere_Chappell\">Chappell<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legacy.com\/us\/obituaries\/gazettenet\/name\/vere-chappell-obituary?id=9706679\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"206\" class=\"wp-image-6441\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_2246.png\" alt=\"A reversed enhanced colorize blended photographic cutout of a smiling Vere Chappell with glasses wearing a light blue shirt under a dark blue suit coat with a blue and gold striped tie used for visually identifying him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_2246.png 233w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_2246-218x300.png 218w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/paw.princeton.edu\/memorial\/willis-frederick-doney-jr-%E2%80%9946-49\">Willis<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu\/agents\/people\/2320\">Doney<\/a> (no known photo). New York &amp; London: Garland Publishing, 1987. Screenshots below of the first two pages of the Appendix (163\u201364) that extends to p. 174 with listings of Descartes&#8217;s writings in Dutch, English, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, and Turkish. Impressive!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dokumen.pub\/twenty-five-years-of-descartes-scholarship-1960-1984-a-bibliography-isbn-0-8240-4650-1.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"730\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9810.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8862\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9810.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9810-300x214.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9810-150x107.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9810-768x548.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dokumen.pub\/twenty-five-years-of-descartes-scholarship-1960-1984-a-bibliography-isbn-0-8240-4650-1.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"825\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9809.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9809.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9809-300x242.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9809-150x121.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9809-768x619.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"104\" class=\"wp-image-27150\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A full-sized framed color graphic depicting a wooden sign out in the forest advertising Descartes's Theory of Ideas with DTOI URL underneath used as a bullet point.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1024x709.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-150x104.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-768x532.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1536x1063.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-2048x1418.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>    <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Donald%20A.%20Cress\">Cress<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/donald-cress\">Donald A<\/a>.<\/strong><em> <\/em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"211\" class=\"wp-image-5562\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_9393.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic cutout of a glasses adorned Donald A. Cress with full white mustache and beard and a dark tie, white shirt, black tie used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_9393.png 228w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_9393-214x300.png 214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><em>. <\/em>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/collection\/fshow?id=pra_1987_0013Supplement_0001_0021&amp;file_type=pdf\">Canadian and American Dissertations on Descartes and Cartesianism 1865\u20131984<\/a>.&#8221; 1987. 21 pages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/collection\/fshow?id=pra_1987_0013Supplement_0001_0021&amp;file_type=pdf\">Abstract<\/a>:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/226105\/summary\">Gregor<\/a> Sebba&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wienerzeitung.at\/h\/gregor-sebba-der-mann-in-doderers-schatten\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"190\" class=\"wp-image-13397\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6255.png\" alt=\"An enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of Gregor Sebba with his clay pipe removed wearing a white collared shirt, black tie, and black suit coat is used for visual identification.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6255.png 505w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6255-237x300.png 237w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_6255-118x150.png 118w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a> monumental <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cartesius.net\/images\/pdf\/Sebba_1800-1960.pdf\">Bibliographia Cartesiana; A Critical Guide to the Descartes Literature 1800-1960<\/a><\/em> (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1964) is the basic bibliographical tool of pre-1960 Descartes scholarship. While somewhat weak in its coverage of twentieth century Anglo-American analytical literature on Descartes, it is outstanding in its coverage of continental schol\u00adarship. Willis Doney&#8217;s &#8220;Bibliography,&#8221; in his <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9789912242548\">Descartes: A Collection of Critical Essays<\/a><\/em> (New York: Doubleday, 1967), largely rectifies Sebba\u2019s lack of coverage of pre-1960 analytical work on Descartes. Subsequent to Doney&#8217;s 1967 bibliography, there have been several useful bibliographical updates, including the excellent &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cartesius.net\/il-centro\/pubblicazioni\/category\/bulletin-cartesien\">Bulletin Cart\u00e9sien<\/a> (1972 to the present)&#8221; published annually in the Archives de Philosophie. However, Vere Chappell and Willis Doney&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/dokumen.pub\/twenty-five-years-of-descartes-scholarship-1960-1984-a-bibliography-isbn-0-8240-4650-1.html\">Twenty-five Years of Descartes Scholarship, 1960\u20131984: a Bibliography<\/a>. (New York: Garland, 1987) promises to become the definitive update of Sebba. The present bibliography is designed to supplement the above bibliographies by listing Canadian and American dissertations on Descartes and Cartesianism from 1865 through 1984. It lists dissertations alphabetically by author and provides locations in Dissertations Abstracts as well as University Microfilms order numbers, whenever available.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"104\" class=\"wp-image-27150\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A full-sized framed color graphic depicting a wooden sign out in the forest advertising Descartes's Theory of Ideas with DTOI URL underneath used as a bullet point.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1024x709.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-150x104.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-768x532.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1536x1063.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-2048x1418.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colinchamberlain.com\/about\"><strong>Chamberlin, Colin<\/strong><\/a> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"165\" class=\"wp-image-3954\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_6363.png\" alt=\"An enhanced photographic cutout of a smiling Colin Chamberlin wearing a white shirt and purple patterned tie with a dark blue sports coat used for visually identifying him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_6363.png 320w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_6363-300x283.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colinchamberlain.com\/descartes\"><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/a> with hyperlinks to his papers on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colinchamberlain.com\/descartes\">Descartes<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colinchamberlain.com\/malebranche\">Malebranche<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colinchamberlain.com\/cavendish\">Margaret Cavendish<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"104\" class=\"wp-image-27150\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A full-sized framed color graphic depicting a wooden sign out in the forest advertising Descartes's Theory of Ideas with DTOI URL underneath used as a bullet point.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1024x709.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-150x104.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-768x532.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1536x1063.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-2048x1418.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>     <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"23\" class=\"wp-image-1934\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_0782.jpeg\" alt=\"The logo for Oxford Bibliographies.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_0782.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_0782-300x47.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>   <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/raffaelladerosa.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/raffaelladerosa.com\/\">De Rosa<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa\">Raffaella<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/raffaelladerosa.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"175\" class=\"wp-image-1929\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/SIX_C7F27F62-7BE8-4706-86B7-DD41704F8FD8.png\" alt=\"A color photographic headshot of Raffaella De Rosa with a close cropped platinum blond haircut.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/SIX_C7F27F62-7BE8-4706-86B7-DD41704F8FD8.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/SIX_C7F27F62-7BE8-4706-86B7-DD41704F8FD8-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/SIX_C7F27F62-7BE8-4706-86B7-DD41704F8FD8-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/display\/document\/obo-9780195396577\/obo-9780195396577-0272.xml?rskey=aunDBi&amp;result=1&amp;q=Descartes#firstMatch\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/display\/document\/obo-9780195396577\/obo-9780195396577-0272.xml?rskey=aunDBi&amp;result=1&amp;q=Descartes#firstMatch\">Ren\u00e9 Descartes: Sensory Representations<\/a>.&#8221; <em>Oxford Bibliographies<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"104\" class=\"wp-image-27131\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b.jpeg\" alt=\"A framed color graphic depicting a wooden sign out in the forest advertising Descartes's Theory of Ideas with DTOI URL underneath used as a bullet point.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b-150x104.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>&nbsp; &nbsp;  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"23\" class=\"wp-image-1934\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_0782.jpeg\" alt=\"The logo for Oxford Bibliographies.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_0782.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_0782-300x47.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>   <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/justin-skirry\">Skirry<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nebrwesleyan.edu\/campus-directory\/justin-skirry\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nebrwesleyan.edu\/campus-directory\/justin-skirry\">Justin<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nebrwesleyan.edu\/campus-directory\/justin-skirry\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"219\" class=\"wp-image-2708\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_1895.png\" alt=\"A cutout of a color headshot of Justin Skirry used to identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_1895.png 256w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_1895-240x300.png 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/display\/document\/obo-9780195396577\/obo-9780195396577-0031.xml?rskey=MsqT7y&amp;result=2&amp;q=Descartes#firstMatch\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/display\/document\/obo-9780195396577\/obo-9780195396577-0031.xml?rskey=MsqT7y&amp;result=2&amp;q=Descartes#firstMatch\">Ren\u00e9 Descartes<\/a>.&#8221; <em>Oxford Bibliographies<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"104\" class=\"wp-image-27150\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A full-sized framed color graphic depicting a wooden sign out in the forest advertising Descartes's Theory of Ideas with DTOI URL underneath used as a bullet point.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1024x709.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-150x104.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-768x532.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1536x1063.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-2048x1418.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>     <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"68\" height=\"68\" class=\"wp-image-916\" style=\"width: 68px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_8598.jpeg\" alt=\"The giant white capital letter &quot;P&quot; logo used by PhilPapers on a dark blue background with green background to left of the &quot;P&quot; used as a logo bullet point.\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/browse\/rene-descartes\"><strong>PhilPapers Bibliography for Ren\u00e9 Descartes<\/strong><\/a> with 5388 entries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"104\" class=\"wp-image-27131\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b.jpeg\" alt=\"A framed color graphic depicting a wooden sign out in the forest advertising Descartes's Theory of Ideas with DTOI URL underneath used as a bullet point.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b-150x104.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>  &nbsp; &nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"68\" height=\"68\" class=\"wp-image-916\" style=\"width: 68px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_8598.jpeg\" alt=\"The giant white capital letter &quot;P&quot; logo used by PhilPapers on a dark blue background with green background to left of the &quot;P&quot; used as a logo bullet point.\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/\">PhilPapers<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/descartes%20theory%20of%20ideas\">Bibliography for Descartes\u2019s theory of ideas<\/a><\/strong> with 989 entries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"810\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_9068b3-scaled-1-1024x810.jpeg\" alt=\"A framed color graphic of thirteen versions of THEORY OF IDEAS with different fonts and colored backgrounds.\" class=\"wp-image-5668\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_9068b3-scaled-1-1024x810.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_9068b3-scaled-1-300x237.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_9068b3-scaled-1-768x608.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_9068b3-scaled-1-1536x1216.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_9068b3-scaled-1-2048x1621.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"104\" class=\"wp-image-27131\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b.jpeg\" alt=\"A framed color graphic depicting a wooden sign out in the forest advertising Descartes's Theory of Ideas with DTOI URL underneath used as a bullet point.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SIX_7EE3DB7C-C4E4-40B3-9E14-810CAFA417D1b-150x104.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/niyamak.wordpress.com\/bibliography-on-rene-descartes-philosophy\/\"><strong>Abbreviated bibliography of Ren\u00e9 Descartes&#8217;s primary and secondary sources<\/strong><\/a> prepared by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/dr-desh-raj-sirswal-52392036\/\"><strong>Desh Raj Sirswal<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/philpeople.org\/profiles\/desh-raj-sirswal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"175\" class=\"wp-image-8638\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9178.png\" alt=\"An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of Desh Raj Sirswal with a black mustache with his shoulders turned to his left and wearing a white collared shirt used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9178.png 640w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9178-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9178-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9178-600x600.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"104\" class=\"wp-image-27150\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A full-sized framed color graphic depicting a wooden sign out in the forest advertising Descartes's Theory of Ideas with DTOI URL underneath used as a bullet point.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1024x709.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-150x104.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-768x532.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-1536x1063.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2379-2048x1418.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>&nbsp; &nbsp;  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unipune.ac.in\/snc\/cssh\/ipq\/english\/IPQ\/21-25%20volumes\/23%2001%20&amp;%2002\/PDF\/23-1&amp;2-16.pdf\"><strong>Descartes Bibliography<\/strong><\/a> prepared by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/dr-desh-raj-sirswal-52392036\/\"><strong>Desh Raj Sirswal<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Desh-Raj-Sirswal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"189\" class=\"wp-image-8876\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/SIX_AA4930DF-2714-4E92-8DE5-6CA3EABF06FB.png\" alt=\"An enhanced colorized  photographic headshot cutout of a black mustached Desh Raj Sirswal wearing a light gray collared shirt under a dark sweater (?) used to visually identify him.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/SIX_AA4930DF-2714-4E92-8DE5-6CA3EABF06FB.png 508w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/SIX_AA4930DF-2714-4E92-8DE5-6CA3EABF06FB-238x300.png 238w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/SIX_AA4930DF-2714-4E92-8DE5-6CA3EABF06FB-119x150.png 119w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>including (A) Works by Descartes: Original and in Translations (42 entries), Bibliographies on Descartes and Cartesian Themes (9 entries), and Works on Descartes (1,087 entries; misnumbered). Published originally in <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unipune.ac.in\/snc\/cssh\/ipq\/english\/vol23_1%20&amp;%202.htm\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"http:\/\/www.unipune.ac.in\/snc\/cssh\/ipq\/english\/vol23_1%20&amp;%202.htm\">Indian Philosophical Quarterly<\/a><\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unipune.ac.in\/snc\/cssh\/ipq\/authors.htm\">Special Numbers on&nbsp;<strong><em>Ren\u00e9<\/em><\/strong><em><strong> Descartes<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;23, nos. 1-2 (1996)<\/a>: 257\u2013346. PDF available through <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unipune.ac.in\/university_files\/about_university.htm\">Savitribai Phule Pune University<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unipune.ac.in\/snc\/cssh\/ipq\/english\/vol23_1%20&amp;%202.htm\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"798\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9184-798x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8644\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9184-798x1024.jpeg 798w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9184-234x300.jpeg 234w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9184-117x150.jpeg 117w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9184-768x986.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9184-1197x1536.jpeg 1197w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9184-1596x2048.jpeg 1596w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_9184-scaled.jpeg 1995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25a0 See <a style=\"color: blue;\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu\/webbin\/book\/lookupname?key=Descartes%2c%20Ren%26eacute%3b%2c%201596%2d1650&amp;c=x\">208 entries for Descartes&#8217;s online publications<\/a> at the <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu\/webbin\/book\/browse?type=lcsubc&amp;key=Descartes%2c%20Ren%26eacute%3b%2c%201596%2d1650\">ONLINE<\/a> books page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25a0 <a style=\"color: blue;\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu\/search.html\">Search over three million online books<\/a> at the University of Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25a0 An <a style=\"color: blue;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unipune.ac.in\/snc\/cssh\/ipq\/english\/IPQ\/21-25%20volumes\/23%2001%20&amp;%2002\/PDF\/23-1&amp;2-16.pdf\">89 page Descartes bibliography<\/a> with 42 entries for works by Descartes, 9 compiled Cartesian bibliographies, 263 books on Descartes, and over 1,087 journal articles from 1920 to 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"34\" class=\"wp-image-10051\" style=\"width: 175px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1300.gif\" alt=\"The logo for the NNDB database in red font for &quot;NNDB' and black font for &quot;Tracking the entire world.&quot;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nndb.com\/people\/074\/000084819\/bibliography\/\">Descartes books<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/work\/editions\/6299110-meditationes-de-prima-philosophia?page=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"39\" class=\"wp-image-19055\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3987.jpeg\" alt=\"An enhanced logo for Goodreads is used to identify the website.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3987.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3987-300x79.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3987-150x39.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/work\/editions\/6299110-meditationes-de-prima-philosophia?page=1\">Good Reads List<\/a> of 645 published editions of Descartes\u2019s <em>Meditations on First Philosophy<\/em> (first published in 1641). See the first page of editions below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/work\/editions\/6299110-meditationes-de-prima-philosophia?page=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"755\" class=\"wp-image-19057\" style=\"width: 900px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3996-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"An enhanced collage of page one of twenty-two pages of published editions of Ren\u00e9 Descartes\u2019s \u201cMeditations on First Philosophy\u201d is used to exhibit that page.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3996-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3996-300x252.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3996-1024x859.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3996-150x126.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3996-768x644.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3996-1536x1289.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3996-2048x1718.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" id=\"primary-sources\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/dtoi-primary-sources\/#primary-sources\">Primary Sources<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/dtoi-secondary-sources-a-l\/#A-neon-ivy-drop-cap\">Secondary Sources (A\u2013L)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/dtoi-secondary-sources-m-z\/#M-neon-ivy-drop-cap\">Secondary Sources (M\u2013Z)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"#relevant-contemporary-sources\">Relevant Contemporary Sources<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"#descartes-bibliographies\">Descartes Bibliographies<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_0349.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9352\" style=\"width:848px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_0349.png 1024w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_0349-300x45.png 300w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_0349-150x22.png 150w, https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_0349-768x115.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Relevant Contemporary Sources Block, Ned . \u201cQualia.\u201d In A Companion to Philosophy of Mind , edited by Samuel Guttenplan (no known photo), 514\u201320. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1994. Bourget, David . &#8220;The Representational Theory of Consciousness.&#8221; PhD dissertation Australian National University, January 2010. Chair: David Chalmers Bourget, David and Angela Mendelovici . &#8220;Phenomenal Intentionality.&#8221;&nbsp;The Stanford Encyclopedia [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8504","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"featured_image_src":null,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8504","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8504"}],"version-history":[{"count":204,"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8504\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28358,"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8504\/revisions\/28358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drdavidcring.net\/descartes-ideas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8504"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}