• February 6, 2026
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DTOI Primary Sources

A Hyperlinked Pictorial Bibliography in multiple languages with links to scholars, references, images, full abstracts, and published reviews

A framed enhanced DALL-E AI generated graphic of a painting of René Descartes sitting sideways at a table in a reading room surrounded on either side of him by library stacks filled with books with a high window in the back reading a theory of ideas titled book used as a featured image for DTOI Primary Sources webpage.

NOTE: One quickly navigates within and amongst the DTOI bibliographies by clicking on the green, yellow, or blue rounded corner rectangular-shaped labeled buttons, then scrolling down or clicking on an alphabetical by the first letter of a last name category button. One quickly returns to the very top of a bibliography by clicking on this An enhanced image of the up arrow to the top of the page of a white arrow upside down wide "v" with no stem on a light blue background used to visually identify it. blue up-arrow box in the lower right corner of your screen. When already near the top of the webpage, the blue up-arrow box is invisible. Scroll the screen slightly up or down to make the up-arrow An enhanced image of the up arrow to the top of the page of a white arrow upside down wide "v" with no stem on a light blue background used to visually identify it. visible in the lower right corner. Boo!

For example, to see entries for Jonathan Bennett An enhanced colorized photographic cutout headshot of an old and white bearded glasses wearing Jonathan Bennett with a collared white shirt and floppy hat turned to his left used to visually identify him. and then Margaret WilsonAn enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of a thoughtful Margaret D. Wilson turned to her right with her left hand fingers extended under her left dude chin onto her cheek wearing an off white collared shirt with a deep red scarf under the collar under a black leather jacket used to visually identify her., first click on the relevant button category, say the Secondary Sources (A–L) button, then the first letter of a last name, in this case, the B button scrolling down to Bennett, then jump back to the top of the page using the up-arrow button An enhanced image of the up arrow to the top of the page of a white arrow upside down wide "v" with no stem on a light blue background used to visually identify it. in the lower right corner, then click on the Secondary Sources (M–Z) button or even just the W button for Wilson, then scroll down to the last name of Wilson in alphabetical order.

Be patient because there is often a five-second delay while these heavy information-rich webpages load after clicking a button.

Click on any image to see its source on the internet. Some photos are mirror reversed for interest.

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Primary Sources

St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274)

An animated color .gif of a drawing of St. Thomas Aquinas in a dark blue cape turned towards his left holding a writing quill in his left hand and a monstrance in his right hand.
An animated color .gif drawing of St. Thomas Aquinas in profile facing to his left.
An animated color drawing of St. Thomas Aquinas looking face forward and debonair looking like a matinee idol movie star
An animated color .gif drawing of St. Thomas Aquinas in profile facing to his right.
An animated color .gif of a drawing of St. Thomas Aquinas in a dark brown cape turned towards his right holding a writing quill in his right hand and a scroll in his left hand.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [ST] Summa Theologica An enhanced 3D photographic cutout of the five volumes of "Summa Theologica" by St. Thomas Aquinas with them viewed at an angle with the five dark blue volumes with gold lettering on the spines pushed back at angle with the first volume on the left angled back the most used to visually identify them.. Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. Allen, TX: Christian Classics, 1948/1981.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [SCG] Summa Contra Gentiles A very dark blue straight on photographic cutout of "Summa Contra Gentiles" Vol I-II by St. Thomas Aquinas used to visually identify them. A very dark blue straight on photographic cutout of "Summa Contra Gentiles" Vol III–IV by St. Thomas Aquinas used to visually identify them.. Books I-IV. Translated by Vernon J. Bourke A enhanced colorized photographic cutout of a white mustached stern expressioned Vernon J. Bourke wearing a dark gray suit jacket with a blue and yellow stripes tie used to visually identify him.. Notre Dame and London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1975.

Aristotle (384–322 BC)

(The middle Aristotle is not animated, but you might think so. Aristotle on the left says you won’t, but one on the right says let’s think about it and investigate instead.)

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. De Anima (“On the Soul“). In Introduction to Aristotle .An enhanced color photographic cutout of the dustcover for the hardback "Introduction to Aristotle" edited by Richard McKeon with a top half in dull grayed white and bottom half in faded mustard brown used to visually identify it. 2nd ed., edited by Richard McKeon An enhanced colorized photographic cutout if Richard McKeon wearing a suit and a blue tie over a white shirt with his left hand palm up and gesticulating at his waist on his left side used to visually identify him. and translated by J. A. Smith An enhanced colorized photographic cutout of John Alexander Smith wearing a dark suit with a white shit and bow tie turned slightly to his right with his left arm bent at elbow and index finger pointing down and white cuff showing used to visually identify him. , 153–247. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, – 1947.

Antoine Arnauld (1616–1698)

A color animated .gif of Antoine Arnauld wearing a double white/gray collar and a black robe.
A color animated .gif of Antoine Arnauld wearing a double white/gray collar and a blue/black robe with a writing quill in his right hand.
A color animated .gif of Antoine Arnauld wearing a gray collar and a dark gray robe.
A color animated .gif of Antoine Arnauld's face wearing a tan collar and a brown robe.
The pink book cover of Antoine Arnauld's

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Borrow the Internet Archive’s copy of On True and False Ideas (St. Martens Press, 1990)

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. On True and False Ideas. English translation and introductory essay by Stephen Gaukroger An enhanced colorized photographic headshot and upper torso cutout of a glasses adorned Stephen Gaukroger wearing a white shirt with dark blue and white striped tie under a dark blue sweater with a dark gray wool suit jacket used to visually identify him.. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1990.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. “Chs. 4 & 5.” English translation of On True and False Ideas.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Des vraies et des fausses idées. French translation, presentation, and notes by Denis Moreau A color photographic headshot cutout of a glasses wearing Denis Moreau with a blue collared shirt under a tan raincoat with buttoned epaulets on the shoulders used to visually identify him.. Paris: Librairie philosophique J. Vrin, 2011.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Arnauld, Antoine. The Art of Thinking: Port-Royal Logic The yellow book cover of Arnauld’s “The Art of Thinking” was used for visual identification., translated by James Dickhoff (no known photo) and Patricia James (no known photo). New York: Library of Liberal Arts, 1964.

St. Augustine of Hippo (354–430)

A colorized, enhanced animated .gif of a golden priestly robed statue of St. Augustine of Hippo facing the viewer holding a golden chalice goblet in his right hand and a thick open book in his left hand is used for identify him.

An animated color stain glass window of St. Augustine turned towards his left looking down with a staff under his right forearm.


A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. City of God (De Civitate Dei) The book cover for St Augustine's "City of God.". Translated by Henry Bettenson (no known photo). London: Penguin, 1984.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. On Free Choice of the Will (De Libero Arbitrio) An enhanced dark maroon and white book cover of "On Free Choice of the Will" by St. Augustine translated by Anna S. Benjamin and L. H. Hackstaff used to visually identify it.. Translated by Anna S. Benjamin (no known photo) and L. H. Hackstaff (no known photo). New York: Macmillan, 1964.

A framed color graphic of the sideways cutout of a brain facing left labeled with many categories found in Descartes's theory of ideas.


René Descartes (1596–1650)

An animated .gif of the Franz Hall Descartes portrait on a black background with the name "Descartes" above his head in orange/yellow font.
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Latin & Non-English

An animated .gif of René Descartes on the left side of the panel with the animation style of “Salute” used as a banner.
On the right side of the panel, a reversed animated .gif of René Descartes in the animation style of “Charisma” is used as a banner.

Online editions:

Artur Buchenau’s “Forward” to the 1913 edition translated into English:

The present, benevolent edition of the “Meditations” is intended for seminar use at universities as well as for private studies. The older Latin editions of this work, which is still fresh for young people today, have become quite rare, the French translations alone are not enough, and so far the expensive editions of Adam-Tannery (Oeuvres de Descartes Volume VII, Paris: Leopold Cerf, 1904) and Güttler (2. Edition, Munich:Beck, 1912) [not available?].

The title of the first edition of “Meditations” (1641) is in full: Renati Des-Cartes, Meditationes de prima philosophia in qua Dei existentia et animae immortalitas demonstratur, Paris, Apud Michaelem Soli, via Jacobaea sub signo Phoenicis. MDCXLI. Cum Priuilegio et Approbatione.

The text of this first edition is based here and the page numbers of the original in the margin included in square brackets [ ] have been attached, so that in the future this (today very rare) edition can be quoted throughout. The title of the second edition (1642) is: Renati Des-Cartes Meditationes de prima philosophia in quibus Dei existentia, et animae humanae a corpore distinctio demonstratur. His adjunctae sunt variae objectiones doctorum virorum in istas de Deo et anima demonstrationes cum responsionibus Authoris. Secunda editio septimis objectionibus antehac non visis aucta. Amstelodami apud Ludovicum Elzevirium 1642.

Since Descartes did not read the printed sheets himself in the first edition—Mersenne took care of the printing—it contains several errors, which have been improved in the second edition. The variants of the two editions are listed below in the notes, and it has been decided on a case-by-case basis and the reading has been included, which appeared to be the more correct one according to linguistic and factual points of view.

The first French translation of the work appeared in 1647. Their full title is: Les Meditations Metaphysiques de René Des-Cartes, Touchant La Premiere Philosophie, dans lesquelles l’existence de Dieu, et la distinction réelle entre l’âme et le corps de l’homme, sont demonstrées. Traduites du Latin de l’Auteur par M. le D. D. L.N.S. Et les objections faites contre ces Méditations par diuerses personnes tres-doctes, auec les réponses de l’Auteur. Translated by Mr. C. L. R. A Paris. Chez la Veuve Jean Camusat. MDCXLVII. Avec privilège du roy.

The translator was the friend of Descartes, the Duke of Luynes, while the objections and replies were transmitted by Clerselier. Descartes looked through the translations and was so pleased that he explained that some passages in the French text were better than his own, corresponding Latin text. Probably various additions and improvements in detail come from Descartes himself, who, as is easy to understand, have directly entered them in the manuscript presented to him. I have compared the Luynes translation exactly with the Latin texts and recorded all the important deviations in the notes, in which I have otherwise worked hard in the greatest brevity, since after my detailed comment on the meditations (explanations on the meditations on the basis of the “Objections et Responsiones” and the correspondence) it is not necessary for a more precise explanation, I also do not want to anticipate the seminar work. Incidentally, this commentary is to appear soon in a new edition, this time it will be preceded by the complete translation of the “Objections and Replies.” I hereby meet a wish that has been expressed many times, and the fact that such a complete German edition can be brought today should probably be regarded as a pleasing sign of the times, which shows how much Descartes’ studies have increased in the last decade. To facilitate the further deepening of the same is the purpose and task of the present edition.

Berlin, in July 1913. Dr. Artur Buchenau.

To recognize it visually, an enhanced screen capture of the multiple ways to download Descartes's "Meditations" in German, translated by Artur Buchenau and available at Project Gutenberg, is used.

The following provide access to digital photographic reproductions of many additional texts:

Corpus Descartes

The opening page of the contents in the French Corpus Descartes website.

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Presentation of the Corpus Descartes

Online edition of Descartes’ works and correspondence [in French 🇫🇷; English translation provided here by Google translate.]

This site offers the online edition of Descartes’ works and correspondence directed by Vincent Carraud (EA 2129, University of Caen Normandy then Centre d’Études Cartesiennes, University Paris-Sorbonne). This edition was carried out in collaboration with the Centro interdipartimentale di Studi su Descartes e il Seicento of the Università del Salento (directed by Giulia Belgioioso), the Centre d’Études Cartesiennes de Paris-Sorbonne (directed by Jean-Luc Marion) and the COnstraints, Data mining and Graphs (CoDaG) team (directed by Patrice Enjalbert) of the Groupe de recherche en informatique, image, automatique et instrumentation (GREYC) of the University of Caen Normandie, in collaboration with the company Noopsis.

The texts of the corpus

[NOTE: Bizzarely, if you click on any of the hyperlinks (the Xml below) to the documents below the text contains no paragraph breaks and the entire document is all smushed together. ]

The corpus is organized into four parts:

  1. The transcription of the works published by Descartes, in the language in which he published them:

Discourse of the method to conduct one’s reason well, and seek the truth in the sciences. Plus The Dioptric. The Meteors. And Geometry. Which are essays of this method (1637);

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Renati Des-Cartes, Meditations de Prima Philosophia, in quibus Dei existentia, et animae humanae à corpore distinctio, demonstrantur. His adjunctæ sunt variæ objectiones doctorum virorum in istas de Deo et anima demonstrations; Cum Responsionibus Authoris. Secunda editio septimis objectionibus antehac non visis aucta (1642);

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Epistola Renati Des-Cartes ad celeberrimum Virum D. Gisbertum Voetium. In qua examinantur duo libri, nuper pro Voetio Ultrajecti simul editi, unus de Confraternitate Marianâ, alter de Philosophiâ Cartesianâ (1643);

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Renati Des-Cartes, Principia philosophiae (1644);

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Notae in program quoddam sub finem Anni 1647 in Belgio editum, cum hoc Titulo: Explicatio Mentis humanae, sive Animae rationalis, ubi explicatur (1648);

[To be published]

The Passions of the Soul (1649).

[Xml]

  1. The transcription of the translations of his works that were seed during his lifetime:

Renati Des-Cartes, Specimina philosophiae: seu Dissertatio de methodo recte regendae rationis, and veritatis in scientiis investigandae: Dioptrice, and Meteora. Ex Gallico translata, and ab Auctore perlecta, variisque in locis emendata (1644);

[To be published]

René Des-Cartes’ Metaphysical Meditations concerning the First Philosophy, in which the existence of God, and the real distinction between the soul and the body of man are demonstrated. Translated from the Author’s Latin by M. D. D. L. N. S., and the objections made against these meditations by various very learned people, with the author’s answers, translated by M. C. L. R. (1647);

[Xml]

The Principles of Philosophy, written in Latin, by René Descartes. And translated into François by one of his Friends (1647);

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Geometria, à Renato Des Cartes anno 1637 Gallicè edita; nunc autem cum notis Florimondi de Beaune, in curia Blaesensi Consiliarii Regii, in linguam Latinam versa, et commentariis illustrated, operaâ atque studio Francisci in Schooten, Leydensis, in Academiâ Lugduno-Batavâ, Matheseos Professoris, Belgicè docentis (1649).

[To be published]

  1. The edition of works and letters published after the death of Descartes:

Grouping of so-called youth works: Olympica, Experimentata, Cogitationes privatae, Studium bonae mentis, Fragment Cartesius and The Search for Truth;

[To be published]

Ballet Of the Birth of Peace (1649);

[To be published]

Compendium Musicae (1650);

[To be published]

Passiones animae per Renatum Descartes: Gallicè ab ipso conscriptaee, nunc autem in exterorum gratia Latina civitate donatae, ab H. D.M. I. V. L (1650);

[Xml]

Renatus Descartes, de Homine, figuris and latinitate donatus a Florentio Schuyl …;

[Xml]

L’Homme de René Descartes and a Treatise on the formation of the fetus of the same author, with the remarks of Louys de La Forge …;

[To be published]

The World of Mr. Descartes, or the Treatise on Light …;

[To be published]

Regulae ad directionem ingeniei (1701).

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  1. The transciption of the Clerselier edition of the Letters of Mr Descartes1:

Letters from Mr. Descartes where several beautiful questions concerning morality, physics, medicine and mathematics are dealt with. New edition, revev and avgmente. Volume One (1663);

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Letters from Mr. Descartes where several beautiful difficulties affecting his other Works are explained. Novvelle edition, revev and correct. Volume Two (1666);

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Letters from Mr. Descartes where he answers several difficulties that have been proposed on Diopters, Geometry, and several other subjects. Third and last Volume (1667).

[Xml]

Scientific annotation

The annotation of this edition is being carried out via the collaborative annotation tool developed as part of the l’ANR2. Produced by specialists in Descartes’ work, it is available in four types of notes: 1) philological, 2) interpretative: historical or philosophical, 3) bibliographic, 4) varia. This annotation will make it possible to record over time the progress made from the point of view of the textual history of Cartesianism. Its publication, and, if necessary, the correction of transcription errors, will provide the basis for the next editions of the Corpus Descartes.

  1. The Centro du studi su Descartes e il Seicento published the first full Italian translation, with the original texts opposite, of the French and Latin letters of René Descartes, Tutte le lettere 1619-1650, G. Belgioioso (ed.), Milan, Bompiani (Il Pensiero Occidentale), 2009.
  2. Developed by SAIC-CERTIC.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Meditationes de Prima Philosophia (Latin edition) The cover page for Descartes's Meditations in Latin published in 1913.. Curated by Artur Buchenau An enhanced rich dark blue book cover of "Deutsche Schule Zukunst" by Artur Buchenau with, hopefully, his left side headshot in a black and white photograph used to visually identify him. (1879–1946). Leipzig, DE: C. Grumbach, 1913.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Œuvres Complètes de René Descartes is a complete new edition of the entire, philosophical and scientific corpus of Descartes, created by the Connaught Descartes Project at the University of Toronto (headed by André GombayA reversed enhanced photographic cutout of André Gombay from the waist up with his head tilted to his left wearing a black round collared shirt with a centered red emblem and a medium dar blue long sleeved shirt with a dark gray thick sweater tied to his waist used for visually identify him.A reversed enhanced photographic cutout of André Gombay from the waist up with his head tilted to his left wearing a black round collared shirt with a centered red emblem and a medium dar blue long sleeved shirt with a dark gray thick sweater tied to his waist used for visually identify him.). See content listings in screen capture below.

A screen capture of the Past Masters series on René Descartes used to see contents.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. The logo for Project Gutenberg. Project Gutenberg has a French, German, and Finnish translation of the Meditations, as well as several Discourse on the Method.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. French edition in French language (Paris, 1724). Text drawn up by Victor Cousin A reversed enhanced colorized photographic upper torso and headshot cutout of Victor Cousins wearing a heavy brown suit and a brown leather overcoat were used for visual identification., Levrault, 1824, volume I of the Meditations.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Œuvres de Descartes, Text drawn up by Victor Cousin A reversed enhanced colorized photographic upper torso and headshot cutout of Victor Cousins wearing a heavy brown suit and a brown leather overcoat were used for visual identification., volume I. Leipzig: Levrault, 11 volumes, 1824–1826.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Principles of Philosophy, Letter to Voetius, Apology, Notes Against a Program in Latin from AT 1905 edition. See screenshot below for title page.

An image of the title page for the Oeuvres de Descartes of "Principia Philosophie" found at the Internet Archives used to visually identify it.

Adam & Tannery

An enhanced colorized and optimized photographic cutout of an animated .gif of a full brown beard and mustached Paul Tannery in charismatic mode wearing a heavy jean jacket and white buttoned to his neck shirt used to visually identify him.

(An animated enhanced colorized .gif of Paul Tannery (1843–1904). There are no extant photographs of Charles Adam (1857–1940))

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [AT] Oeuvres de Descartes An enhanced color photographic cutout of the extremely dark brown twelve volumes of "Oeuvres de Descartes" by Charles Adam and Paul Tannery used to visually identify them. 12 volumes. Edited by Charles Adam (no known image) and Paul Tannery (pictured) A reversed enhanced colorized photographic headshot and upper torso cutout of Paul Tannery facing forward with a full wispy beard wearing a blue coat with gold trim on collar and pocket with a white dress shirt used used for visually identifying him.. Paris: initially published in 1897–1913 then revised in 1964–1978; Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, 1996. This edition originally published in 1904. References are to volume and page number. For available contents see screenshot below with titles of works.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Oeuvres de Descartes An enhanced 3D color photographic cutout of the yellowed paperback twelve volumes of "Oeuvres de Descartes" by Charles Adam and Paul Tannery used to visually identify them. edited by Charles Adam and Paul Tannery, Paris: Léopold Cerf, 1897–1913, 13 volumes; new revised edition, Paris: Vrin-CNRS, 1964–1974. The new, revised edition of the original series (13 volumes), originally published at the turn of the century (Paris: L. Cerf, 1897–1913), is Oeuvres de Descartes. Publiees par Charles Adam & Paul Tannery. Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin and Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1964-1976 (13 Volumes: 1–11 contain Descartes’ writings, vol. 12 contains Adam’s “Vie et Oeuvres de Descartes,” and volume 13 contains biographical material, correspondence and indices).

[AT]. Oeuvres de Descartes. Published by Charles Adam and Paul Tannery. Cerf, 1897–1913. 13 vols. Reprinted: Vrin, 1957–58.

"Oeuvres de Descartes," edited by Charles Adam and Paul Tannery (1897), including Correspondance Vol 1 – 5, Physico-Mathematica, Compendium Musicae, Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii, Recherche de la Verité, Supplément À La Correspondance, etc. is used for visual identification.

Vol. 1–5: Correspondence 1622–50, with index. [Supplements in vols. 7, 8, 10, 13.]

Vol. I: Correspondence (April 1622–February 1638) (French). The title page of the 1897 Adam & Tannery edition of Volume I of Descartes’s Correspondence from April 1622 through February 1638 is used for visual identification.

Vol. IV: Correspondence (July 1643–April 1647). [Latin]. Located at the Smithsonian’s The enhanced logo, in three blue shades on a white background, is used for visual identification of the Smithsonian’s Biodiversity Heritage Library. Biodiversity Heritage Library.

The 1901 Adam & Tannery edition of Volume IV of Descartes’s “Correspondence July 1643 to April 1647” title page with DESCARTES in red font is used for visual identification.

Vol. V: Correspondence (May 1647–February 1650). Also here (1903). Also available at the Smithsonian’s The enhanced logo, in three blue shades on a white background, is used for visual identification of the Smithsonian’s Biodiversity Heritage Library. Biodiversity Heritage Library.

The 1903 Adam & Tannery edition of Volume V of Descartes’s “Correspondence May 1647 to February 1650” title page with DESCARTES in red font is used for visual identification.

Vol. 6: Discours de la Methode DM, Dioptrique, Meteores, Geometrie [French, Latin] (1902). Also available at the Smithsonian’s The enhanced logo, in three blue shades on a white background, is used for visual identification of the Smithsonian’s Biodiversity Heritage Library. Biodiversity Heritage Library.

The title page of the 1897 Adam & Tannery edition of Volume VI of Descartes’s “Discors De la Methode” & “Essais” is used for visual identification.

Vol. 7: MEDITATIONES DE PRIMA PHILOSOPHIA VII. Meditations on First Philosophy [Latin]. Letter to Dinet.(1904). Also available at the Smithsonian’s The enhanced logo, in three blue shades on a white background, is used for visual identification of the Smithsonian’s Biodiversity Heritage Library. Biodiversity Heritage Library.

The 1904 Adam & Tannery edition of Volume VII of Descartes’s “Meditationes de Prima Philosophia” title page with DESCARTES in red font is used for visual identification.

Vol. 8: Principles of Philosophy PP [Latin]. Polemical writings. Also here. Also available at the Smithsonian’s The enhanced logo, in three blue shades on a white background, is used for visual identification of the Smithsonian’s Biodiversity Heritage Library. Biodiversity Heritage Library.

Vol. 9: Meditations on First Philosophy MM, Principles of Philosophy PP [both French] (1904). In Latin. In French (3rd ed. 1973). Also available at the Smithsonian’s The enhanced logo, in three blue shades on a white background, is used for visual identification of the Smithsonian’s Biodiversity Heritage Library. Biodiversity Heritage Library.

The 1904 Adam & Tannery edition of Volume IX of Descartes’s “Meditations et Principes” title page is with DESCARTES in red font is used for visual identification. The 1973 Adam & Tannery third edition of Volume IX of Descartes’s “Meditations et Principes” in French title page with all black fonts is used for visual identification.

Vol. 10: Early and undated writings. PHYSICO-MATHEMATICA, COMPENDIUM MUSICE, REGULE AD DIRECTIONEM INGENII, RECHERCHE DE LA VERITÉ, SUPPLÉMENT A LA CORRESPONDANCE [Latin] (1974). Also available at the Smithsonian’s The enhanced logo, in three blue shades on a white background, is used for visual identification of the Smithsonian’s Biodiversity Heritage Library. Biodiversity Heritage Library.

Vol. 11: Le Monde. Passions of the Soul. Scientific writings. Projects. LE MONDE, DESCRIPTION DU CORPS HUMAIN, PASSIONS DE L’AME, ANATOMICA, VARIA. [Latin]. Also available at the Smithsonian’s The enhanced logo, in three blue shades on a white background, is used for visual identification of the Smithsonian’s Biodiversity Heritage Library. Biodiversity Heritage Library.

fThe 1909 Adam & Tannery edition of Volume XI of Descartes’s “Le Monde, Descriotion if the Human Body, Passions of the Soul, etc.” title page with DESCARTES in red font is used for visual identification.

Vol. 12: Charles Adam, “Vie et Oeuvres de Descartes.” (no. 121) [French]. Also here. Also here.

The 1910 Adam & Tannery edition of Volume XII of Charles Adam’s ” ÉTUDE HISTORIQUE” title page with DESCARTES in red font is used for visual identification.

Vol. 13: Supplement: Correspondence, Biographical material. Indices.

The Adam-Tannery edition, commonly cited AT, is accepted as the definitive text of Descartes’s writings and supersedes even the original editions. Indispensable introductions; textual and explanatory notes; Tannery’s important mathematical annotations. Descartes’s orthography (discussed in AT I, lvix-cv) is preserved or conjecturally restored. The translations of main works are those authorized by Descartes himself. The text of the “Correspondence” is authoritative, but dating and identification of correspondents have been considerably revised (Ch. Adam in RPFE ns: 1933, 373–401; see also no. 79).

Edition lacks: most of the correspondence with Huygens (no. 81); Naissance de la paix (no. 78); seven letters (no. 124, v. 2, 169-73; Eur 1937, 406-14; no. 38, p. 71-85, 109-11); “Stammbuchblatt” (K 40:1935, 264-69). However, the marginal notes, supposedly by Descartes, in a London copy of Galileo’s “Systema mundi” are definitely not in his hand (L. Roth, “Falsa Cartesiana,” RPFE 105: 1928,149–50 — [A new edition of AT, to include all material now lacking, is being prepared by B. Rochot.]

Descartes’s Meditations are at Meditationes de prima philosophia, Oeuvres de Descartes Vol. VII, 1–90, edited by Charles Adam and Paul Tannery. Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, 1983 (First Edition: 1904).

Click on screenshot below to access the displayed hyperlinks to those documents. To return to DTOI BIBLIOGRAPHY, click on your back arrow where they might look like this A black graphic inage of a curved and pointing to the left back arrow used to return to your previous URL. or this A black graphic image of an arrow with straight lines facing left used as a clickable back arrow for returning to previous URL., or likely this A black graphic image of a pointed to left pinnacle of a right angled figure like a triangle pointing left with the base line missing used to return to your previous URL..

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [AT] Œuvres de Descartes/Édition Adam et Tannery, edited by Charles Adam (no known image) and Paul Tannery An enhanced colorized and optimized photographic cutout of an animated .gif of a full brown beard and mustached Paul Tannery in charismatic mode wearing a heavy jean jacket and white buttoned to his neck shirt used to visually identify him.. Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, 1897–1913. See hyperlinked screenshot below for contents.

A screen capture of the hyperlinks page to the Oeuvres of Descartes in 12 volumes edited by Charles Adam and Paul Tannery.

Click on the screenshot,

The title page of "Oeuvres de Descartes," edited by Charles Adam and Paul Tannery (1897) including: Physico-Mathematica, Compendium Musicae, Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii, Recherche de la Verité, Supplement a la Correspondence. or even easier, just click on this Internet Archive or the hyperlink in the box below.

BibliothèqueInternet Archive

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Descartes — Œuvres, tome VII: Meditationes de prima philosophia, edited by Charles Adam (no known image) and Paul Tannery A reversed enhanced colorized photographic headshot and upper torso cutout of Paul Tannery facing forward with a full wispy beard wearing a blue coat with gold trim on collar and pocket with a white dress shirt used used for visually identifying him., VII. Paris: 1897–1910 and 1964–1978; Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, 1996. Latin text.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Also available to read at BnF Gallica An enhanced logo in dark gray and white of the IBNF Gallica digital archives website. Oeuvres de Descartes. [Volume 7] / publ. par Victor Cousin… ; [et précédées de l’éloge de René Descartes par Thomas] in Latin.

Jonathan Bennett

An enhanced color photographic cutout headshot of Jonathan Bennett used to visually identify him.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Early Modern Texts translated by Jonathan Bennett An enhanced colorized photographic cutout upper torso and headshot of an old and white bearded Jonathan Bennett wearing a collared white shirt and black patterned tie used to visually identify him. (1930–2024) with over thirty different sections of Descartes’s writings (see screen capture below for contents) available over the internet for the general public. Click the hyperlinks or anywhere on the screenshot below to go to Bennett’s translations into English of Early Modern Texts by Descartes. To return to the DTOI Primary Sources Bibliography, click on your browser’s back arrow in the upper left corner where it might look like this A black graphic inage of a curved and pointing to the left back arrow used to return to your previous URL., or this A black graphic image of an arrow with straight lines facing left used as a clickable back arrow for returning to previous URL., or likely this A black graphic image of a pointed to left pinnacle of a right angled figure like a triangle pointing left with the base line missing used to return to your previous URL..

A screenshot of translations into English by Jonathan Bennett of Descartes's philosophy available online.

John J. Blom

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Descartes: The Essential Writings For visual identification, an enhanced black-and-white book cover of "René Descartes: The Essential Writings" (1977), translated by John J. Blom, is used.. Translated and with introductions and a concordance (conceptual index) by John J.(oseph) Blom (no known photo). New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1977.

Desmond M. Clarke

An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a glasses adorned Desmond M. Clarke wearing a blue suit with a white shirt and red tie used to visually identify him. An enhanced color photographic headshot and torso cutout of a glasses adorned Desmond M. Clarke wearing a blue suit with a white shirt and red tie facing forward used to visually identify him. An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a glasses adorned Desmond M. Clarke wearing a blue suit with a white shirt and red tie turning his head to his left used to visually identify him.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Meditations and Other Metaphysical Writings The color bookcover of "Meditations and Zother Metaphysical Writings" translated by Desmond M. Clarke with a young seated man hatted reading an opened book by candlelight used for visually identifying it.. Translated by Desmond M. Clarke. London: Penguin, 2000.

CSM & K

An enhanced photographic color headshot cutout of John Cottingham facing forward wearing a white colored shirt with stripes and a blue suit jacket and sweater used to visually identify him.   An enhanced, colorized photographic headshot cutout of Robert H. Stoothoff. He is wearing glasses, holding a pen in his right hand as if to write, and wearing a thin tie with a white shirt under a black suit coat. This image is used for visual identification."      A enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a glasses adorned Dugald Murdoch with right shoulder turned back wearing a white collared shirt and black sweater used to visually identify him.     An enhanced color photographic cutout of an old Anthony Kenny wearing a collared light blue shirt under a brownish outer jacket used to visually identify him.

(Pictured left to right: John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch, Anthony Kenny)

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Descartes: Selected Philosophical Writings An enhanced 3D photograph of the blue spine and blue front book cover of “Descartes: Selected Philosophical Writings,” translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch with the word “Descartes” in white and the rest of the title in black, is used for visual identification. An enhanced photograph of the blue front cover with a white border of the book cover of “Descartes: Selected Philosophical Writings,” translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch with the word “Descartes” in white and the rest of the title in black, is used for visual identification.First Edition. Translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Includes the Discourse on the Method and Meditations and substantial extracts from the Regulae, Dioptrics, Principles, Objections and Replies, Comments on a Broadsheet, and Passions of the Soul.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [CSM] The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, Vol. I A color photographic cutout of the dark brown bookcover of Volume I of "The Philosophical Writings of Descartes" translated and edited by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch used to visually identify it., Vol. II A color photographic cutout straight-on of the dark brown bookcover of Volume II of "The Philosophical Writings of Descartes" translated and edited by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch used to visually identify it.. Edited and translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984, 1985. Only partial excerpts included in book preview. Read the complete Volume I or the complete Internet Archives Vol. II.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. 2, translated by John Cottingham An enhanced photographic upper torso and head of a glasses wearing John Cottingham with his right arm raised with his hand holding a yellow cup up near his chin wearing a tie and a name tag skewed on his left lapel used to visually identify him.. A complete edition that is fully copyable to paste into documents. See contents in screenshot below.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [CSMK] The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, Vol. III A color photographic cutout straight-on of the dark brown bookcover of Volume III: The Correspondence of "The Philosophical Writings of Descartes" translated and edited by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch, and Anthony Kenny used to visually identify it.. Edited and translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch, and Anthony Kenny. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991. References are to volume and page number. These three CSM volumes are the standard edition of Descartes’s writings and correspondences and they are also often cited with the AT volume and page number.

Donald A. Cress +++ An enhanced color photographic cutout of a glasses adorned Donald A. Cress with full white mustache and beard and a dark tie, white shirt, black tie used to visually identify him. An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a glasses adorned Donald A. Cress with full white mustache and beard and a red shirt with a green outerwear jacket used to visually identify him.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy The green book cover for "Discourse on the Method" and "Meditations on First Philosophy" 4th edition translated by Donald A. Cress. 4th edition. Translated by Donald A. Cress. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 1998. See Internet Archives Cress translation, 3rd edition, 1993. Also available at VDOC.PUB. Also see the 3rd edition (1993) at Scholar.WorldLib.site.

Haldane & Ross

An enhanced colorized photographic cutout of a seated Elizabeth S. Haldane at a loom (not shown) with her hair in a bun wearing a blue dress while knitting a shawl used for visually identifying her. A reversed and enhanced colorized photographic cutout headshot and upper torso of a seated Elizabeth S. Haldane at a loom (not shown) with her hair in a bun wearing a dark brown dress with see through sleeves that have leaf patterns while knitting a shawl used for visually identifying her. An enhanced and colorized closeup photographic headshot cutout of a middle aged Elizabeth S. Haldane looking straight ahead wearing a dark blouse used for visually identifying her. An enhanced and colorized closeup photographic headshot cutout of a young Elizabeth S. Haldane in left profile used for visually identifying her.

An enhanced colorized photographic cutout of a matronly standing Elizabeth S. Haldane with an umbrella in her right hand carrying a folded white scarf over her right arm while wearing a blue top with a dark brown skirt and white gloves used to visually identify her. An enhanced colorized photographic cutout of a matronly standing Elizabeth S. Haldane with a folded letter in her left hand wearing a blue suit, white gloves, a dark shawl, and a large black hat with a lot of stuff on top of it used for visually identifying her. An enhanced colorized photographic cutout of a seated Elizabeth S. Haldane at a loom (partially shown) with her hair in a bun wearing a red dress with translucent sleeves and large dark dots while knitting a white shawl used for visually identifying her. An enhanced colorized photographic cutout of a standing turned towards her right Elizabeth S. Haldane holding on to a chair (only partially shown) with a large brimmed hat and a white fur scarf with her right hand outstretched rest on the top of the chair used for visually identifying her.

(All pictures are of Elizabeth Sanderson Haldane. There are no extant photographs of G. R. T. Ross. The fifth photograph is also available at the Library of Congress (LOC) Public Domain Archive. Click on any image for its source.)

An enhanced color photographic cutout of the purple book cover for "The Philosophical Works of Descartes" Volume I translated by Haldane and Ross with the Franz Hals portrait centered on cover under the title used to visually identify it.
An enhanced color photographic cutout of the purple book cover for "The Philosophical Works of Descartes" Volume II translated by Haldane and Ross with the Franz Hals portrait centered on cover under the title used to visually identify it.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Haldane and Ross at Internet Archives’s The Philosophical Works of Descartes, Vol. I and Vol. 2. Translated by Elizabeth S. Haldane (1862–1937) and G. R. T. (George Robert Thomson) Ross (no known image) (1874–1959). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911.

A screen capture of a public domain version of Elizabeth S. Haldane's translation of Descartes's "Meditations on First Philosophy."

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Discourse on the Method and Meditations on First Philosophy The blue with a purple surrounding border of the book cover of “Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy,” edited by David Weissman, is used for visual identification., edited by David Weissman An enhanced colorized manipulated photographic headshot cutout of David Weissman wearing a white with thin blue vertical striped collared shirt was used for visual identification. and translated in 1911 by Elizabeth Sanderson Haldane An enhanced, colorized photograph depicts Elizabeth S. Haldane standing and facing to her right. In the image, she is holding onto a wooden bench with her right hand and wearing a large-brimmed hat and a white fur scarf. This photograph is used for visual identification. and G. R. T. Ross. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Internet Archives selected Descartes’s writings (see screenshot below for contents). Translated by Haldane and Ross (1901) with The Geometry translated by David Eugene Smith An enhanced colorized photographic cutout of David Eugene Smith wearing a blue suit with vest and blue tie used to visually identify him.and Marcia L. Latham. Also, The Geometry.

An enhanced color filter added screenshot of the Table of Contents of “Selected Philosophical Writings of René Descartes,” translated by Haldane and Ross, with “The Geometry,” translated by David Eugene Smith, is used for visual identification.

George Heffernan +++ An enhanced blended colorized photographic cutout of a glasses adorned George Heffernan wearing a brown coat over a dark gray-green patterned shirt with tie used to visually identify him.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Meditations on First Philosophy — A Bilingual Edition. Introduced, edited, translated, and indexed by George Heffernan An enhanced, color photographic headshot cutout of George Heffernan wearing glasses and a gray suit coat over a dark gray-green patterned shirt with tie is used to visually identify him.. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990. The book has Descartes’s Latin on every left page with Heffernan’s English translations on the right page.

Ian C. Johnston A reversed enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a full white bearded and mustached Ian C. Johnston wearing a black beret and black. loathing with his right hand fingers extended touching his beard on his right side used to visually identify him.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Discourse on Method   An enhanced color book cover of "Discourse on Method"edited by Andrew Bailey and translated by Ian Johnston with a. black cover with a painting of seven men and. women in 17th century garb in the bottom half used to visually identify it.. Translated by Ian Johnston An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a full white bearded and mustached Ian C. Johnston wearing a black beret and green jacket used to visually identify him.. Revised May 2010.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Meditations on First Philosophy   The enhanced color dark brown with blue font book cover with a single blue eye with the shadow of a man in the iris for Meditations on First Philosophy translated by Ian Johnston used to visually identify it. A color image of the book cover of "Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy" edited by Andrew Bailey and translated by Ian Johnston used to visually identify it.. Translated from the 1641 Latin edition into English by Ian Johnston, 2012. Clicking on the book cover hyperlinks to the book cover then click on the right arrow to advance the pages to the rest of the book.

Norman Kemp Smith

An enhanced and colorized photographic cutout of Norman Kemp Smith wearing a dark blue suit and vest with a tie used to visually identify him. An enhanced and colorized hand drawing headshot cutout of Norman Kemp Smith wearing a tie used to visually identify him. An enhanced and colorized photographic cutout of Norman Kemp Smith wearing a dark brown suit and brown tie used to visually identify him. A reversed enhanced and colorized cutout of a painting of a glasses adorned Norman Kemp Smith wearing a gray suit with a gray vest and maroon tie used to visually identify him.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Descartes: Philosophical Writings An enhanced color photographic cutout of "Descartes: Philosophical Writings" translated by Norman Kemp Smith with a torn yellow dust cover from the Modern Library edition used to visually identify it.. Selected and translated by Norman Kemp Smith. New York: The Modern Library (Random House), 1958.

Laurence Julien Lafleur

 

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Discourse on Method An enhanced color of the dark brown and off white book cover of Descartes's "Discourse on Method" translated with an Introduction by Laurence J. LaFleur used to visually identify it.. Translated with an Introduction by Laurence J. Lafleur (no available photo). New York: MacMillan, 1956. Originally published: Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1950.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. René Descartes: Meditations An enhanced color of the mediium brown and bright white book cover of Descartes's "Meditations on First Philosophy" translated with an Introduction by Laurence J. LaFleur used to visually identify it.. Translated, with an Introduction, by Laurence J. Lafleur (no known photo). New York: The Liberal Arts Press, 1951.

William Molyneux

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Six Metaphysical Meditations Wherein it is Proved That there is a GOD. And that Man’s MIND is really distinct from his BODY, including Thomas Hobbes’s Third Objections with Descartes’s answers. Translated by William Molyneux (1656–1698) and first published in 1680 in the United Kingdom by B. G. for Benj. Tooke at the Ship in St. Pauls Church-yard.

Michael Moriarty

An enhanced colorized photographic torso and head cutout of Michael Moriaty with glasses facing forward wearing a suit jacket and a blue tie with tiny polka dots and wearing his purple medal pinned on his left lapel used to visually identify him. An enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of a middle-aged Michael Moriarty with glasses facing forward wearing a gray suit jacket and an open collared shirt used to visually identify him. An enhanced colorized photographic headshot cutout of a middle-aged Michael Moriarty with glasses facing forward wearing a light tan collared shirt open at his neck used to visually identify him. A reversed enhanced colorized photographic torso and headshot cutout of Michael Moriarty turned sideways to his right wearing a dark suit jacket and tie with his fingers clasped together above his waist used to visually identify him.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Meditations on First Philosophy With Selections from the Objections and Replies An enhanced color book cover for "Meditations on First Philosophy" translated by Michael Moriarty with a headshot of Descartes as a young man used to visually identify it.. Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Michael Moriarty. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

John Veitch +++ An enhanced colorized photographic cutout of John Veitch with hairy muttonchops and a full brown and blue suit with a cowl used for visually identifying him.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Meditations on First Philosophy An enhanced dark brown book cover of "Meditations on First Philosophy" translated by John Veitch with a 17th century building with orange yrlllw light glowing around windows on left side used to visually identify it.. Translated by John VeitchAn enhanced colorized photographic cutout of John Veitch with hairy muttonchops and a full brown and blue suit with a cowl used for visually identifying him. (1901) now in the public domain; also in CSM II.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Meditations on First Philosophy 1901 Veitch translation An enhanced first page of "Meditations on First Philosophy" translated by John Veitch used to visually identify it. at The logo of WikiSource of a white iceberg with most of it under the gray waterline in dark blue background.WikiSource in the public domain. Complete and copyable. An enhanced Table of Contents for Descartes's "Meditations on First Philosophy" translated by John Veitch from the 1901 publication in the public domain at WikiSource.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy An enhanced dark brown with diamond patterned book cover of "The Method, Meditations and Philosophy of Descartes" translated by John Veitch with yellow stripes down both sides used to visually identify it.. Translated by John Veitch (1901). Project Gutenberg. Release date June 28, 1995 (eBook #59). Updated May 13, 2022. Produced by Ilana and Greg Newby.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. See John Veitch’s 1901 translation of Descartes’s Meditations in a copyable format.

An enhanced colorized animated .gif of John Veitch with hairy muttonchops and a full brown and blue suit with a cowl used for visually identifying him.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. All of John Veitch’s works with hyperlinks to digitized copies as listed below from the Online Books Page.

A listing of the entries for the Online Book Page for the works of John Veitch (1829–1894) used to show the digitized versions available through hyperlinks.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. The Online Library of Liberty For visual identification, an enhanced cutout of the logo and information for the OLL (Online Library of Liberty) in dark blue with white font is used. where they have the Veitch translation For visual identification, an enhanced image of the front page of John Veitch’s 1901 translation of Descartes’s “The Method, Meditations, and Philosophy” is used.available for download in five different formats (see screenshot below).

Enhanced screen capture of the Online Library of Liberty webpage displaying the five different formats one can use to download the 1901 publication of John Veitch’s translation of “The Method, Meditation, and Philosophy of Descartes” is used to identify it visually.

Non-Meditations

Comments on a Certain Broadsheet

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Comments] “Comments on a Certain Broadsheet” in CSM I.

Conversation with Burman

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Descartes’ Conversation with Burman For visual identification, an enhanced dark brown color book cover with the title in blue of “Conversation with Burman” (1976), translated by John Cottingham, is used. . Translated and edited by John Cottingham An enhanced photographic color headshot cutout of John Cottingham facing forward wearing a white collared shirt with stripes and a blue suit jacket and sweater used to visually identify him.. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1976.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Conversation with Burman. Translated by Jonathan Bennett An enhanced colorized photographic cutout upper torso and headshot of an old and white bearded Jonathan Bennett wearing a collared white shirt and black patterned tie used to visually identify him.at EarlyModernTexts.com, 2017.

Correspondence

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. The Correspondence of René Descartes 1643. Edited by Theo Verbeek A reversed enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of mustached Theo Verbeek with his head up and turned to his left wearing a white shirt, tie, and suit jacket used to visually identify him., Erik-Jan Bos A reversed enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a glasses adorned Dr. Erik-Jan (J. J. F. M.) Bos wearing a blue collared shirt used to visually identify him., and Jeroen M. M. van de Ven (no known photo), 2003. Download it.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. The Correspondence between Descartes and Henricus Regius. Dr. (Erik-Jan) J. J. F. M. Bos A reversed enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a glasses adorned Dr. Erik-Jan (J. J. F. M.) Bos wearing a blue collared shirt used to visually identify him.. PhD diss., Utrecht University Repository, 2002. Download it.

Abstract: In 1638 the Dutch philosopher and physician Henricus Regius (1598–1679) introduced himself to René Descartes (1596–1650), allegedly because he owed his appointment as professor of theoretical medicine at Utrecht University to his being a Cartesian. During the following years Regius established himself as the main advocate of Cartesianism  at Utrecht. In fact, he was the first university professor to teach Cartesian ideas and to publish a number of disputations, which provide a fairly complete picture of Cartesian natural philosophy. Apart from De Vrijer s theological thesis of 1917 little has been done so far to establish the significance of Regius work or study the way in which he took up Descartes ideas and amalgamated them with his own. Although the necessary sources have become available in the past decades, there is as yet no comprehensive study on Regius and his relation to Descartes. A major obstacle to this enterprise is the defective state of the available editions of the Descartes Regius correspondence. For a clear understanding of the relation between Descartes and Regius, and for an objective and thorough assessment of Regius philosophical and medical concepts, a critical edition of the correspondence between Descartes and Regius is an essential prerequisite. It is here where the problems arise. The actual text of the letters which were exchanged between Descartes and Regius is unknown. In 1657, Claude Clerselier published 18 minutes of Descartes part of the correspondence. All that remains of Regius letters to Descartes are abstracts and quotations in Adrien Baillet s biography, published in 1691. In 1973, Esze published two unknown letters of Descartes to Regius. The order of the letters as they were published in the editions of Adam/Tannery (1964–1971: AT), Adam/Milhaud (1936–1963), Rodis-Lewis (1959) and Bordoli (1997) is based on that of Clerselier, but since the rediscovery of Regius disputations Physiologia (1641) scholars have contested the dates of various letters. However, none of the editors so far has extensively used Regius disputations as a means to arrive at a more exact date. The aim of my research is to provide a critical reconstruction of the correspondence between Descartes and Regius. The most dramatic differences with previous editions concern Descartes part of the correspondence. I have discovered that several letters as published by Clerselier consist in fact of fragments of many more letters. Further, I have revised almost every date established by AT, either narrowing them down or giving the letters an altogether new place in the correspondence. One of the most interesting features of the present edition is that it points out the many reoccurring passages from Descartes letters in Regius Physiologia (the complete text of the first three disputations of the Physiologia is given in an appendix). As regards Regius letters to Descartes, in many cases I have been able to establish their precise date. Moreover, in clearing Baillet s at times confused way of presentation, I have arrived at an order of Regius letters and their context which sharply contrasts with the standard view. In addition, my examination of Baillet s biography has yielded several passages relevant to Regius letters which are not found in AT. Finally, the use of the many available sources, both published and unpublished, has resulted in a comprehensive historical annotation, conspicuously absent in AT, on the specific Dutch and especially Utrecht context of the relation between Regius and Descartes.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Descartes: Philosophical Letters. Translated and edited by Anthony Kenny A reverse color photographic cutout of Anthony Kenny in 2011 wearing a collared light blue shirt under a brownish outer jacket and gray trousers is used to identify him visually.. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1981. Original hardback edition by Oxford University Press, 1970.

Dioptrics Geometry Meterology

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Dioptrics] “Dioptrics” in CSM I.

The title of this work in French is La Dioptrique, which is properly translated as “Dioptrics,” although some translations render it as “Optics.” The ancient science of dioptrics studied vision through refracted rays, and was normally joined with “optics,” or the science of vision through direct rays, and “catoptrics,” the science of vision through reflected rays, as in a mirror. In his work entitled Dioptrics, Descartes covered all three areas, but the focus was on refracted light, vision aided by lenses, and normal human vision. Descartes may have chosen the title to advertise his important result published therein (the sine law of refraction), as well as his account of lenses (which operate through refraction), including a description of the telescope, which had only recently been invented.

Discourse on the Method

A framed graphic of thirty five thumbnail book covers in seven columns in color on a teal background as a featured image.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Discourse] Discourse on Method, Optics, Geometry, and Meteorology. Translated by Paul J. Olscamp A color photographic cutout of Paul J. Olscamp with glasses wearing a bright blue suit jacket – bright blue tie with a round lapel pin in his left jacket lapel used to visually identify him.. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Discourse] Discourse on Method. Translated by Ian Johnston An enhanced color photographic headshot cutout of a full white bearded and mustached Ian C. Johnston wearing a black beret and green jacket used to visually identify him., revised May, 2010.

[Discourse] Discourse on Method For visual identification, an enhanced book cover of René Descartes's “Discourse on Method” (2007), translated by Richard Kennington, is used.. Translated with an Interpretive Essay by Richard Kennington. Edited with an Introduction, Glossary, and Notes by Pamela Kraus and Frank Hunt. Indianapolis: Focus Publishing (an imprint of Hackett Publishing Company, 2007.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Discourse in German]

Objections & Replies

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Replies] “Objections and Replies.” Translated by Jonathan Bennett An enhanced colorized photographic cutout upper torso and headshot of a young glasses wearing and clean shaven Jonathan Bennett on his wedding day wearing a black suit with a shirt, tie, and boutonnière used to visually identify him.; also in CSM II.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Meditations, Objections, and Replies. Edited and translated by Roger Ariew A color photographic head shot of Roger Ariew wearing a red collared shirt. and Donald A. Cress An enhanced color photographic cutout of a glasses adorned Donald A. Cress with full white mustache and beard and a dark tie, white shirt, black tie used to visually identify him.. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2006.

Passions of the Soul

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. The Passions of the Soul. Translated by Jonathan Bennett An enhanced colorized photographic cutout upper torso and headshot of an old and white bearded Jonathan Bennett wearing a collared white shirt and black patterned tie used to visually identify him.. http://earlymoderntexts.com, 2017.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. The Passions of the Soul. Translated by Stephen H. Voss A highly photographically manipulated enhanced colorized full body shot of Stephen Voss on the sand at a beach (not shown) with his hands lightly into his pockets wearing a white t-shirt , gray pants, and black shoes and a black band wristwatch on his left wrist used to visually identify him.. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co., 1989. Digitized at Internet Archive in 2022.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point.

Principles of Philosophy

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Principles] Preview (pages 1-57, 248–49) a new 2023 translation of the Principles of Philosophy by Blair Reynolds.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Principles] Principles of Philosophy An enhanced a tan color bookcover for "René Descartes Principles of Philosophy" translated by Valentine Rodger Miller and Reese P. Miller with a bearded Descartes inside of an oval framing him used to visually identify it. . Translated by Valentine Rodger Miller and Reese P. Miller. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Principles] Principles of Philosophy An enhanced colorized facsimile of the cover page for the original 1644 Amsterdam printing of Descartes's "Principles of Philosophy" used to visually identify it.. Translated by Jonathan Bennett An enhanced colorized photographic cutout headshot of an old and white bearded glasses wearing Jonathan Bennett with a collared white shirt and floppy hat turned to his left used to visually identify him.; also in CSM I.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Principles] Downloadable ebook text as a zip file or plain text by Project Gutenberg Release #4391 “Selections from the Principles of Philosophy” by René Descartes. Translated by John Veitch An enhanced colorized photographic cutout of a seated John Veitch with hairy muttonchops and a full brown suit with a cowl holding a large volume book on his lap with his left hand used for visually identifying him..

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Principles] Principia philosophiae An enhanced colorized facsimile of the cover page for the original 1644 Amsterdam printing of Descartes's "Principles of Philosophy" used to visually identify it.. Latin edition.

Preview by René Descartes  1722. Friderici Knochii & filii Collection. Book from the collections of National Central Library of Rome in Latin.

Regulae

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Rules for the Direction of the Mind/Regulae] “Rules for the Direction of the Mind” (1954). Translated by Elizabeth Anscombe and Peter Thomas Geach.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Rules/Regulae] “Rules for the Direction of the Mind.” Translated by George Heffernan An enhanced blended colorized photographic cutout of a glasses adorned George Heffernan wearing a brown coat over a dark gray-green patterned shirt with tie used to visually identify him. in a bilingual edition, 1998.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Rules/Regulae] Translated by Haldane and Ross

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Rules/Regulae] Read a copyable cut/paste John Veitch An enhanced colorized photographic cutout of John Veitch with hairy muttonchops and a full brown and blue suit with a cowl used for visually identifying him. translation (1901) of the Regulae at ClassicalLibrary.org.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Also available at CSM I.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii, For visual identification, an enhanced color book cover of “Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii” by Descartes, translated by Artur Buchenau, has a white scroll rolled up with a red wax seal on the cover. (1907), in Latin. Edited by Artur Buchenau.

Treatise on/of Man

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Treatise] Treatise on Man An enhanced color book cover for “Treatise on Man,” translated by Tim Newcomb, with a dark rectangular background behind the title is used for visual identification. (hardcover) An enhanced color book cover for “Treatise on Man,” translated by Tim Newcomb, with a light gray rectangular background behind the title is used for visual identification. (Kindle edition). Translated by Tim Newcomb An enhanced color photographic cutout of Tim Newcomb wearing a black rounded-neck t-shirt and khaki-colored pants is used for visual identification..

Abstract: A new 2023 translation directly from the original manuscripts into English of Descartes’ famous 1622 Treatise on Man (sometimes translated “Treatise of Man”). This edition contains a new introduction and afterword from the translator, as well as a timeline of Descartes’ life and summaries of each of his works. Here, Descartes explores the nature of human beings, their place in the world, and how they interact with their environment. It is significant because it established the idea of dualism, the belief that the mind and body are separate entities. This idea has had a profound significant impact on both philosophy and psychology, as it directly influenced Freud.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Treatise] Treatise of Man. Translation and commentary by Thomas Steele Hall. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1972. Treatise of Man: French Text with Translation and Commentary, trans. Thomas Steele Hall, René Descartes. Cambridge, Mass.: Newcomb Livraria Press, 1972.

Abstract: A translation by Thomas Steele Hall, an historian of physiology, of the 1664 edition of Descartes’ L’Homme (ed. Claude Clerselier). Includes an introduction, review of Descartes’ physiology, a synopsis of the first French edition, bibliographical materials (editions and sources of L’Homme), and extensive interpretive notes. Also incorporates the French text of 1664 of L’Homme. Forward by I. B. Cohen.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [Treatise] “Treatise of Man; Formation of the fetus; Treatise on Light” in French.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Descartes’ Meditations: Background Source Materials. Translated and edited by Roger Ariew A color photographic head shot of Roger Ariew wearing a red collared shirt., John Cottingham An enhanced photographic color headshot cutout of John Cottingham facing forward wearing a white colored shirt with stripes and a blue suit jacket and sweater used to visually identify him., and Tom Sorell An enhanced reversed color photographic cutout of an unsmiling Tom Sorell wearing a rich dark blue v-neck sweater over a white collared shirt with the collars sticking out onto the sweater used to visually identify him.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. A graphic image of a square box with a centered dark blue background with the words " BnF" over "Gallica" surrounded by a circle colored bright pink to orange to yellow on opposite side at 6 to 10 o'clock used as the logo for France's digital library titled Gallica.Gallica – the BNF digital library. Listed under René Descartes, there are 1, 426 pages each holding 15 entries for a total of 21,390 items.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Maison d’Être Philosophy Bookstore — René  Descartes. Lists many Cartesian works with hyperlinks and book covers.

Nicolas Malebranche (1638–1715)

An animated .gif of a Nicolas Malebranche portrait on a black background with the name "Malebranche" below his portrait in orange/yellow font.
A color graphic of Nicolas Malebranche standing with his shoulders turned back slightly to his right facing forward with a high neck collared shirt and dark brown tunic with the name "Malebranche" underneath the portrait in orange/yellow font.
An animated .gif of a Nicolas Malebranche portrait on a black background with the name "Malebranche" below his portrait in orange/yellow font.

(Believe it or not, but the middle Malebranche is not animated, although you might see him move!)

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. Elucidations of The Search After Truth. Edited and translated by Thomas Lennon A reversed enhanced color photographic cutout headshot of Thomas Lennon wearing a dark blue shirt and glasses used for visually identifying him., in The Search after Truth, edited and translated by Thomas Lennon and Paul Olscamp Please save the following text: An enhanced, colorized upper torso and headshot photograph shows Paul J. Olscamp seated at a desk, holding a pen in his right hand. His wristwatch is visible on his left wrist. He is wearing a white collared shirt with a dark blue and white tie beneath a gray suit jacket. This photograph is used for visual identification purposes.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. The Search after Truth. Edited and translated by Thomas Lennon A reversed enhanced color photographic cutout headshot of Thomas Lennon wearing a dark blue shirt and glasses used for visually identifying him. and Paul Olscamp A color photographic cutout of Paul J. Olscamp with glasses wearing a bright blue suit jacket – bright blue tie with a round lapel pin in his left jacket lapel used to visually identify him.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Francisco Suárez (1548–1617)

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [DM] Disputationes Metaphysicae. In Opera Omnia. Edited by Abbot Charles Berton. Paris: Vives, 1856-66, Vols. 25–26.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. [DM] Disputationes Metaphsicae. 2 Vols. Georg Olms: Hildesheim, 1965.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. “On Efficient Causality.” Metaphysical Disputations 17, 18 & 19. Translated by Alfred J. Freddoso An enhanced, colorized photographic headshot of Alfred J. Fredosso looking left, wearing a white collared shirt under a black suit coat, was used for visual identification. An enhanced, colorized photographic upper torso and headshot of a smiling Alfred J. Fredosso wearing a white collared shirt with a blue tie with small yellow boxes under a black suit jacket, was used for visual identification. . New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1994.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. “On Beings of Reason.” Metaphysical Disputations 54. Translated by John P. Doyle (no known photo). Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1995.

A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point. “On Real Relation.” Metaphysical Disputations 67. Translated from the Latin, with an Introduction and Notes by John P. Doyle (no known photo). Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 2006.

A divider made of blue multicolor bubble circles of different sizes independent of each other but looking like Olympic rings.

Primary Sources
Secondary Sources (A–L)
Secondary Sources (M–Z)
Relevant Contemporary Sources
Descartes Bibliographies